Emerging contaminants (ECs) are a diverse group of unregulated pollutants increasingly present in the environment. These contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors, and industrial chemicals, can enter the environment through various pathways and persist, accumulating in the food chain and posing risks to ecosystems and human health. This comprehensive review examines the chemical characteristics, sources, and varieties of ECs. It critically evaluates the current understanding of their environmental and health impacts, highlighting recent advancements and challenges in detection and analysis. The review also assesses existing regulations and policies, identifying shortcomings and proposing potential enhancements. ECs pose significant risks to wildlife and ecosystems by disrupting animal hormones, causing genetic alterations that diminish diversity and resilience, and altering soil nutrient dynamics and the physical environment. Furthermore, ECs present increasing risks to human health, including hormonal disruptions, antibiotic resistance, endocrine disruption, neurological effects, carcinogenic effects, and other long-term impacts. To address these critical issues, the review offers recommendations for future research, emphasizing areas requiring further investigation to comprehend the full implications of these contaminants. It also suggests increased funding and support for research, development of advanced detection technologies, establishment of standardized methods, adoption of precautionary regulations, enhanced public awareness and education, cross-sectoral collaboration, and integration of scientific research into policy-making. By implementing these solutions, we can improve our ability to detect, monitor, and manage ECs, reducing environmental and public health risks.

中文翻译：

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对新兴污染物的全面审查：检测技术、环境影响和管理策略


新兴污染物 (EC) 是环境中越来越多地存在的一组不受管制的污染物。这些污染物，包括药品、个人护理产品、内分泌干扰物和工业化学品，可以通过各种途径进入环境并持续存在，在食物链中积累，对生态系统和人类健康构成风险。这篇全面的综述研究了 EC 的化学特性、来源和品种。它批判性地评估了当前对其环境和健康影响的理解，强调了检测和分析方面的最新进展和挑战。审查还评估现有法规和政策，找出不足之处并提出潜在的改进建议。 EC 会破坏动物激素，导致基因改变，从而降低多样性和恢复力，并改变土壤养分动态和物理环境，从而对野生动物和生态系统构成重大风险。此外，EC 对人类健康带来越来越大的风险，包括荷尔蒙干扰、抗生素耐药性、内分泌干扰、神经系统影响、致癌作用和其他长期影响。为了解决这些关键问题，该评论为未来的研究提供了建议，强调需要进一步调查以了解这些污染物的全部影响的领域。它还建议增加对研究的资金和支持，开发先进的检测技术，建立标准化方法，采用预防性法规，加强公众意识和教育，跨部门合作以及将科学研究纳入政策制定。 通过实施这些解决方案，我们可以提高检测、监控和管理 EC 的能力，从而降低环境和公共卫生风险。