Managing waste nutrients from intensive freshwater and marine pond aquaculture is a global challenge. Nutrient‐enriched water released from farms can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystem health. There are a range of treatment options for discharge water from fish and crustacean ponds, and this review examines the benefits and limitations of these options. Much of the nutrient waste is derived from the addition of formulated feed. In recent years, reduction in waste from feeds and feeding has been largely incremental. In terms of treatment, there are low‐cost approaches, such as settlement ponds, but they are inefficient at reducing nutrients. Biological systems, using aquatic plants, microalgae and filter feeders to reduce nutrient release from farms have variable levels of effectiveness. Establishing wetlands requires considerable additional land area, and success to date has been highly variable. Overall, this review found no simple cost‐effective solution for managing nutrient enriched water from ponds. This is due, in many cases, to challenges with treating the large volumes of discharge water with relatively low nutrient concentrations. This means that more technologically advanced and reliable treatment options, for example, bioreactors, are prohibitively expensive. However, some systems, such as use of recirculation systems typically increase nutrient concentrations, and hence the efficiency and effectiveness of more expensive treatment methods. Biofloc systems can also provide a mechanism for in‐situ nutrient treatment as well as a supplementary food source for animals. Overall, there is scope to improve treatment of waste nutrients, but significant modifications to many production systems are needed to achieve this.

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水产养殖池塘设施废养分处理的优点和局限性综述

管理淡水和海水池塘集约化养殖产生的废弃营养物是一项全球性挑战。农场释放的营养丰富的水会对水生生态系统健康产生不利影响。对于鱼类和甲壳类池塘的排放水有多种处理方案，本综述探讨了这些方案的优点和局限性。大部分营养浪费来自添加配合饲料。近年来，饲料和饲喂废物的减少已大幅增加。在处理方面，有一些低成本的方法，例如沉降池，但它们在减少营养物质方面效率低下。使用水生植物、微藻和滤食性生物系统来减少农场养分释放的效果各不相同。建立湿地需要大量额外的土地面积，迄今为止的成功率变化很大。总体而言，本次审查发现没有简单且经济高效的解决方案来管理池塘中营养丰富的水。在许多情况下，这是由于处理大量营养浓度相对较低的排放水所面临的挑战。这意味着技术更先进、更可靠的治疗方案（例如生物反应器）的价格昂贵得令人望而却步。然而，一些系统，例如使用再循环系统，通常会增加营养物浓度，从而提高更昂贵的处理方法的效率和有效性。生物絮团系统还可以提供原位营养处理的机制以及动物的补充食物来源。总体而言，废养分的处理还有改进的余地，但需要对许多生产系统进行重大修改才能实现这一目标。