This study uses a metaphor to describe the motion of cilia with heat and mass transfer, and it highlights the importance of research for understanding biological function. This research article depicts analysis of double-layer of cilia induced flow for non-Newtonian (Ellis fluid) with additional effects of thermal and concentration fields. The Ellis fluid model is considering as mucus present in Human bronchial airways. Respiratory tract and bronchial airways consisted of ciliated epithelium which is further divided into two layers, Airway Ciliary Layer (ACL) and Peri Ciliary liquid Layer (PCL). Due to which double-layer model has been constructed in this investigation. Mathematical modeling of double-layer flow problem has been simplified using long-wavelength and small-Reynolds number approximation. Consequent governing equations with boundary conditions gives an exact/accurate result for velocity field, temperature distribution and concentration distribution in double-layers. The influence of emerging parameters on velocity profile, temperature distribution, concentration field was illuminated by graphs and discussed comprehensively. Contour plots have also been plotted to visualize flow pattern in both layers. Evidenced graphs show that velocity profile and temperature profile are the highest in inner layer of fluid (PCL) and concentration profile is the highest at outer layers of fluid (ACL).

中文翻译：

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由于传热传质的异时推进引起的两层埃利斯流体流动的理论分析：在生物功能中的应用

这项研究用一个隐喻来描述纤毛在传热传质过程中的运动，强调了研究对于理解生物功能的重要性。本研究文章描述了非牛顿（埃利斯流体）的双层纤毛诱导流动以及热场和浓度场的附加影响。埃利斯流体模型被认为是人类支气管气道中存在的粘液。呼吸道和支气管气道由纤毛上皮组成，纤毛上皮进一步分为两层：气道纤毛层（ACL）和纤毛周围液体层（PCL）。因此，本研究构建了双层模型。使用长波长和小雷诺数近似简化了双层流问题的数学建模。具有边界条件的后续控制方程给出了双层中速度场、温度分布和浓度分布的准确/精确结果。通过图表阐明并全面讨论了新兴参数对速度剖面、温度分布、浓度场的影响。还绘制了等高线图以可视化两层中的流动模式。有证据表明，速度分布和温度分布在流体内层 (PCL) 中最高，浓度分布在流体外层 (ACL) 中最高。