Prostate Cancer Associated 3 () as a promising biomarker to replace serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate diseases. However, the detection of in urine requires the collection of digital rectal examination (DRE) urine, which limits the application of in screening prostate diseases. In the present study, a new reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method was developed for detection in non-DRE urine. The method uses the nanomaterial Graphene oxide (GO) to effectively prevent nonspecific amplification in qRT-PCR. GO-based qRT-PCR produced no nonspecific amplification. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) results showed that the area under curve (AUC) of to discriminate normal control subjects from prostate cancer (PCa) was 0.869 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.689–1.000), and using 2.711 as the cutoff value of , the sensitivity was 81.8% and the specificity was as high as 88.9%. For prostatitis (PTIS) and PCa, the AUC value of to distinguish them was 0.636 (95% CI, 0.396–0.877), with 81.8% sensitivity and 58.3% specificity. Compared with the 8.3% specificity of PAS, the specificity of was improved by 50%, which suggested that , in non-DRE urine, has a significant potential application in the differential diagnosis of prostate diseases.

中文翻译：

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使用基于氧化石墨烯的方法进行无创 PCA3 检测筛查前列腺疾病

前列腺癌相关 3 (Prostate Cancer Associated 3) 作为一种有前途的生物标志物，可替代血清前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA)，用于良性和恶性前列腺疾病的鉴别诊断。然而，尿液中的检测需要采集直肠指检（DRE）尿液，这限制了其在前列腺疾病筛查中的应用。在本研究中，开发了一种新的逆转录定量实时聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）方法，用于检测非 DRE 尿液。该方法利用纳米材料氧化石墨烯（GO）有效防止qRT-PCR中的非特异性扩增。基于 GO 的 qRT-PCR 未产生​​非特异性扩增。受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）结果显示，区分正常对照受试者和前列腺癌（PCa）的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.869（95%置信区间[CI]，0.689-1.000），并使用2.711作为的截断值，敏感性为81.8%，特异性高达88.9%。对于前列腺炎（PTIS）和PCa，区分它们的AUC值为0.636（95％CI，0.396-0.877），敏感性为81.8％，特异性为58.3％。与PAS 8.3%的特异性相比， 的特异性提高了50%，这表明，在非DRE尿液中，在前列腺疾病的鉴别诊断中具有显着的潜在应用。