• Heterostructure constructed via confining crystalline ruthenium nanodomains by hafnium dioxide matrix was fabricated through a two-step annealing method for overall water splitting.

• The synergistic effect of hafnium dioxide modification and small crystalline domain formation significantly alleviates the over-oxidation of ruthenium.

中文翻译：

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经 HfO2 改性的耐用 Ru 纳米晶体，用于酸性整体水分解

• 通过二氧化铪基质限制晶体钌纳米域构建的异质结构是通过用于整体水分解的两步退火方法制造的。

• 二氧化铪改性和小晶域形成的协同效应显着缓解了钌的过度氧化。