In the daily life of mankind, microrobots can respond to stimulations received and perform different functions, which can be used to complete repetitive or dangerous tasks. Magnetic driving works well in robots that are tens or hundreds of microns in size, but there are big challenges in driving microrobots that are just a few microns in size. Therefore, it is impossible to guarantee the precise drive of microrobots to perform tasks. Acoustic driven micro-nano robot can achieve non-invasive and on-demand movement, and the drive has good biological compatibility, but the drive mode has low resolution and requires expensive experimental equipment. Light-driven robots move by converting light energy into other forms of energy. Light is a renewable, powerful energy source that can be used to transmit energy. Due to the gradual maturity of beam modulation and optical microscope technology, the application of light-driven microrobots has gradually become widespread. Light as a kind of electromagnetic wave, we can change the energy of light by controlling the wavelength and intensity of light. Therefore, the light-driven robot has the advantages of programmable, wireless, high resolution and accurate spatio-temporal control. According to the types of robots, light-driven robots are subdivided into three categories, namely light-driven soft microrobots, photochemical microrobots and 3D printed hard polymer microrobots. In this paper, the driving materials, driving mechanisms and application scenarios of light-driven soft microrobots are reviewed, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. Finally, we prospected the field, pointed out the challenges faced by light-driven soft micro robots and proposed corresponding solutions.

中文翻译：

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基于水凝胶和LCE的光驱动软体微型机器人：发展与前景

在人类的日常生活中，微型机器人可以对收到的刺激做出反应并执行不同的功能，可以用来完成重复或危险的任务。磁力驱动在尺寸为数十或数百微米的机器人中效果良好，但驱动尺寸仅为几微米的微型机器人却存在巨大挑战。因此，无法保证微型机器人精确驱动执行任务。声学驱动的微纳机器人可以实现无创、按需运动，且驱动具有良好的生物兼容性，但驱动方式分辨率较低，需要昂贵的实验设备。光驱动机器人通过将光能转化为其他形式的能量来移动。光是一种可再生、强大的能源，可用于传输能量。由于光束调制和光学显微镜技术的逐渐成熟，光驱动微型机器人的应用逐渐广泛。光作为一种电磁波，我们可以通过控制光的波长和强度来改变光的能量。因此，光驱动机器人具有可编程、无线、高分辨率和精确的时空控制等优点。根据机器人类型，光驱动机器人细分为三类，即光驱动软体微型机器人、光化学微型机器人和3D打印硬质聚合物微型机器人。本文综述了光驱动软体微型机器人的驱动材料、驱动机制和应用场景，并讨论了它们的优点和局限性。最后，我们对该领域进行了展望，指出了光驱动软体微型机器人面临的挑战并提出了相应的解决方案。