Recent evidence has demonstrated the unique properties of the innate immune system, known as innate immune memory, immune priming, or trained immunity. These properties have been described as the ability of the innate immune system to learn from previous microbial experiences, which improves survival after subsequent infection. In this review, we present the state of knowledge on trained immunity in invertebrates and provide a comprehensive overview of these capabilities in cultured marine molluscs, which are currently threatened by recurrent diseases. Studies have shown that exposure to environmental microbiota, pathogens, or derived elements, can provide a stronger response and protection against future infections. These studies highlight common and distinct features of protection, mechanisms, specificity, and duration that vary with immune markers, and methods of stimulation. While the cellular and molecular basis of these responses is only partially understood, effects on phagocytosis, haemocyte populations, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and immune gene expression have been suggested. Finally, we propose a framework for future research to go beyond the current evidence and address potential limitations in the implementation of trained immunity‐based strategies to control disease. Immune training may provide a unique opportunity to promote the sustainable development of marine mollusc aquaculture.

中文翻译：

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训练有素的免疫力：海洋软体动物水产养殖疾病控制策略的前景

最近的证据证明了先天免疫系统的独特特性，称为先天免疫记忆、免疫启动或训练免疫。这些特性被描述为先天免疫系统从以前的微生物经验中学习的能力，这可以提高后续感染后的生存率。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了无脊椎动物训练有素的免疫力的知识状况，并全面概述了目前受到复发性疾病威胁的养殖海洋软体动物的这些能力。研究表明，接触环境微生物群、病原体或衍生元素，可以提供更强的反应和针对未来感染的保护。这些研究强调了保护、机制、特异性和持续时间的共同和独特特征，这些特征随免疫标记物和刺激方法的不同而变化。虽然这些反应的细胞和分子基础仅被部分了解，但已提出对吞噬作用、血细胞群、细胞凋亡、氧化应激和免疫基因表达的影响。最后，我们为未来的研究提出了一个框架，以超越当前的证据，并解决在实施基于训练的免疫策略来控制疾病方面的潜在局限性。免疫训练可能为促进海洋软体动物养殖业的可持续发展提供独特的机会。