Storage of energy is essential to meet the daily demand for powering portable devices. This necessitates the development of storage systems such as supercapacitors (SCs), batteries, and solar cells. SCs have garnered a lot of attention for their ability to provide a massive amount of power. Nevertheless, traditional mechanisms fall short of our expectations. Ionic liquids (ILs), the evolutionary green designer solvents, are efficient enough to substitute for conventional electrolytes such as aqueous or organic electrolytes in SCs. A limited potential window of aqueous electrolytes restricts the performance of high energy electrodes. In contrast, organic electrolytes with high volatility, flammability, and lack of tunability are not suitable for long-term and robust applications. Beneficial properties of ILs such as negligible volatility, high thermal, chemical, and electrochemical stability have overcome many restrictions in SCs and improved their overall performances. ILs can be used as standalone electrolyte or can be mixed with organic electrolytes, redox elements, and polymers to obtain electrolytes for SCs. The structure of anions and cations has been found to significantly influence overall electrochemical performances. ILs benefit SCs with a wider working voltage, temperature range, and better energy density. ILs have been utilized not only as electrolytes but also in the synthesis of electrode materials. Consequently, it is essential to discuss recent findings and the function of ILs in achieving higher-performing SCs. This review mainly highlights the most recent findings on the use of ILs-based electrolytes and electrodes in supercapacitors.

中文翻译：

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超级电容器新型新兴电解质的综合综述：水性和有机电解质与离子液体电解质

能量存储对于满足便携式设备的日常供电需求至关重要。这就需要开发超级电容器（SC）、电池和太阳能电池等存储系统。超级电容器因其提供大量电力的能力而受到广泛关注。然而，传统的机制并没有达到我们的期望。离子液体 (IL) 是一种进化的绿色设计溶剂，其效率足以替代传统电解质，例如 SC 中的水性或有机电解质。水性电解质的有限电势窗口限制了高能电极的性能。相比之下，有机电解质具有高挥发性、易燃性和缺乏可调性，不适合长期稳定的应用。离子液体的有益特性，例如可忽略不计的挥发性、高热稳定性、化学稳定性和电化学稳定性，克服了 SC 的许多限制并提高了其整体性能。 ILs可以用作独立电解质，也可以与有机电解质、氧化还原元素和聚合物混合以获得SCs电解质。已发现阴离子和阳离子的结构显着影响整体电化学性能。 IL 具有更宽的工作电压、温度范围和更好的能量密度，使 SC 受益。离子液体不仅用作电解质，还用于电极材料的合成。因此，有必要讨论最近的发现以及 IL 在实现更高性能 SC 方面的功能。本综述主要重点介绍了在超级电容器中使用基于离子液体的电解质和电极的最新发现。