Australia is one of the regions strongly affected by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The recent 2020–2023 La Niña event was marked by record-breaking rainfall and flooding across eastern Australia. The continuous wet conditions during the triple La Niña motivated us to explore the impacts of single-year and multi-year ENSO events on Australian rainfall using observational data sets. We find that, while there is no difference in the rainfall impacts during single or double El Niño events, Australian rainfall tends to increase in the third year of triple La Niña events compared to the first and second years. The enhanced rainfall impact during the third La Niña year occurs despite no strengthening of La Niña in the tropical Pacific, suggesting that other processes such as local rainfall-soil moisture feedback may play a role in prolonging the effects of multi-year La Niña events in Australia.

中文翻译：

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多年拉尼娜现象期间澳大利亚降雨量增加

澳大利亚是受厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）影响严重的地区之一。最近发生的 2020-2023 年拉尼娜事件导致澳大利亚东部地区出现破纪录的降雨和洪水。三重拉尼娜现象期间的持续潮湿条件促使我们利用观测数据集探索单年和多年 ENSO 事件对澳大利亚降雨的影响。我们发现，虽然单次或两次厄尔尼诺事件期间的降雨影响没有差异，但与第一年和第二年相比，澳大利亚在三次拉尼娜事件的第三年降雨量往往会增加。尽管热带太平洋的拉尼娜现象没有加强，但第三个拉尼娜年的降雨影响却出现了增强，这表明当地降雨-土壤湿度反馈等其他过程可能在延长多年拉尼娜事件的影响方面发挥了作用。澳大利亚。