Antibiotics, which have been used for many years to treat infections, also play an important role in food contamination with antibiotic residues. There is also unnecessary use of antibiotics, particularly to increase production efficiency. Non-compliance with withdrawal periods and maximum residue limits (MRLs) for antibiotics used in food-producing animals results in undesirable events, such as allergic reactions, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, changes in the microbiota and, in particular, antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it may be useful to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics, to limit the use of antibiotics and to turn to alternatives that can be used instead of antibiotics. The aim of this review is to provide information on the undesirable effects of antibiotic residues in food-producing organisms and in the environment, their determination, and the precautions that can be taken.

抗生素多年来一直用于治疗感染，但在抗生素残留的食品污染中也发挥着重要作用。还存在不必要的抗生素使用，特别是为了提高生产效率。食品动物使用的抗生素不遵守停药期和最大残留限量 (MRL) 会导致不良事件，例如过敏反应、致畸性、致癌性、微生物群变化，特别是抗生素耐药性。因此，避免不必要地使用抗生素、限制抗生素的使用以及寻求可以替代抗生素的替代品可能是有用的。本次审查的目的是提供有关食品生产生物体和环境中抗生素残留的不良影响、其测定以及可采取的预防措施的信息。