Inclination-augmented liquid–solid fluidized beds (LSFB), such as the Reflux Classifier, have been widely used in the mineral industries to isolate coal and mineral particles based on their size and density. Due to the intricacy of the liquid–solid flow and interfacial forces, the hydrodynamic behavior of an inclination-augmented LSFB exhibits greater complexity compared to that of a conventionally vertical fluidized bed. Here, we demonstrate the influence of the bend angle, defined as the angle between the vertical bottom and the inclined top section with respect to the horizontal plane, on the LSFB hydrodynamics and solid flow characteristics using a two-dimensional transient multifluid computational fluid dynamics model coupled with the kinetic theory of granular flow. The results are elaborated in terms of average solid volume fraction, length of solid suspension, pressure drop, vorticity, lateral distribution of solid horizontal velocity, vertical velocity, and solid volume fraction. The inclination angle of a LSFB augmented with inclinations notably influences bed hydrodynamics, especially at higher liquid velocities, such as when particles reach the inclined section. Increasing the bed inclination angle leads to a longer suspension length in the inclined section and a decrease in the average solid flux ratio. Bed inclination significantly alters bed pressure, with vorticity generation decreasing as the inclined top section aligns with the vertical bottom segment. While the inclination angle has no significant effect on solid horizontal velocity, it does significantly impact solid vertical velocity. Additionally, the inclination angle notably modifies the distribution of the solid volume fraction in both the lateral and vertical directions.

中文翻译：

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倾斜角增大的液固流化床中弯曲角度对单分散颗粒动力学的影响

倾斜增强液固流化床 (LSFB)，例如回流分级机，已广泛应用于采矿业，根据煤和矿物颗粒的尺寸和密度来分离它们。由于液固流和界面力的复杂性，与传统垂直流化床相比，倾斜增强LSFB的流体动力学行为表现出更大的复杂性。在这里，我们使用二维瞬态多流体计算流体动力学模型演示了弯曲角度（定义为垂直底部和倾斜顶部部分相对于水平面之间的角度）对 LSFB 流体动力学和固体流动特性的影响与颗粒流动力学理论相结合。结果从平均固体体积分数、固体悬浮液长度、压降、涡度、固体水平速度横向分布、垂直速度和固体体积分数等方面进行了阐述。 LSFB 的倾斜角显着影响床层流体动力学，尤其是在较高液体速度下，例如当颗粒到达倾斜部分时。增大床层倾角会导致倾斜段悬浮长度变长，平均固体通量比降低。床层倾斜度显着改变床层压力，随着倾斜顶部部分与垂直底部部分对齐，涡流产生减少。虽然倾角对固体水平速度没有显着影响，但它对固体垂直速度有显着影响。此外，倾斜角显着改变了横向和垂直方向上固体体积分数的分布。