Enterococci are emerging nosocomial pathogens. Their widespread distribution causes them to be food contaminants. Furthermore, Enterococci can colonize various ecological niches and diffuse into the food chain via contaminated animals and foods because of their remarkable tolerance to unfavorable environmental circumstances. Due to their potential dissemination to humans, antimicrobial-resistant Enterococci in fish are a worldwide health issue. This study characterized AMR, ARGs, VAGs, gelatinase activity, and biofilm formation in spp. recovered from fish and seafood and evaluated potential correlations. 54 spp. strains(32.73 %)were isolated from 165 samples (75 , 30 , and 60 Shrimp), comprising 30 (55.6 %) and 24 (44.4 %) with total 32.73 % (54/165), The maximum prevalence rate of spp. was observed in Nile tilapia (34/54; 63 %), followed by shrimp (14/54; 25.9 %) and (6/54; 11.1 %). The maximum prevalence rate of . was observed in Nile tilapia (22/30; 73.3 %), followed by shrimp (8/30; 26.7 %) with significant differences. The prevalence rate of . was observed in Nile tilapia (12/24; 50 %), followed by shrimp (6/24,25 %). . is only isolated from (6/24,25 %). Isolates exhibited high resistance against both tetracycline (90.7 %) and erythromycin(88.9 %), followed by gentamycin (77.8 %), ciprofloxacin (74.1 %), levofloxacin (72.2 %), penicillin (44.4 %), vancomycin (37 %), and linezolid (20.4 %). 50 strains (92.6 %) exhibited resistance to more than two antibiotics, 5 strains (10 %) were XDR, and the remaining 45 strains (90 %) were classified as MDR. 92.6 % of the isolates had MARindices >0.2, indicating they originated in settings with a high risk of contamination. Additionally, ten ARGs were identified, with (M) 92.6 %, followed by (B) (88.9 %), (′)--(″)-(77.8 %), (K) (75.9 %), A (74.1 %), Z (48.1 %), A (37 %), B (31.5 %), A (20.4 %), and A(3.7 %). Biofilm formation and gelatinase activity were observed in 85.2 %, and 61.1 % of the isolates, respectively. A total of 11 VAGs were detected, with E as the most prevalent (83.3 %) followed by (79.6 %), (74.1 %), both E and 1 (72.2 %), (70.4 %), (68.5 %), EF3314 (57.4 %), (50 %), and A (35.2 %) with no detection of B. In conclusion, the emergence of linezolid-resistant -vancomycin-resistant enterococci recovered from Egyptian fish and shrimp, suggests that fish and seafood might participate a fundamental part in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among humans.

中文翻译：

---

新出现的利奈唑胺和万古霉素耐药肠球菌的传播、毒力特征、抗生素耐药性决定因素。在鱼类和甲壳类动物中

肠球菌是新出现的医院病原体。它们的广泛分布导致它们成为食品污染物。此外，肠球菌可以在各种生态位中定殖，并通过受污染的动物和食品扩散到食物链中，因为它们对不利环境条件具有显着的耐受性。由于鱼类中的耐药肠球菌可能传播给人类，因此是一个全球性的健康问题。本研究表征了 AMR、ARG、VAG、明胶酶活性和生物膜形成。从鱼类和海鲜中回收并评估潜在的相关性。 54 种165 份样品（75 只、30 只、60 只虾）中分离到 30 株（32.73 %），其中 30 株（55.6 %）和 24 株（44.4 %），总数为 32.73 %（54/165）。在尼罗罗非鱼中观察到了这种现象（34/54；63%），其次是虾（14/54；25.9%）和（6/54；11.1%）。的最大患病率。在尼罗罗非鱼（22/30；73.3%）中观察到了这一点，其次是虾（8/30；26.7%），差异显着。的患病率。在尼罗罗非鱼（12/24；50%）中观察到了这种现象，其次是虾（6/24,25%）。 。仅从(6/24,25%)中分离出来。分离株对四环素（90.7％）和红霉素（88.9％）表现出高耐药性，其次是庆大霉素（77.8％），环丙沙星（74.1％），左氧氟沙星（72.2％），青霉素（44.4％），万古霉素（37％），和利奈唑胺 (20.4%)。 50株（92.6%）对两种以上抗生素表现出耐药性，5株（10%）为XDR，其余45株（90%）为MDR。 92.6% 的分离株 MARindices >0.2，表明它们起源于污染风险高的环境。此外，还鉴定出 10 个 ARG，其中 (M) 92.6 %，其次是 (B) (88.9 %)、(′)--(″)-(77.8 %)、(K) (75.9 %)、A (74.1 %) )、Z (48.1 %)、A (37 %)、B (31.5 %)、A (20.4 %) 和 A (3.7 %)。分别在 85.2% 和 61.1% 的分离株中观察到生物膜形成和明胶酶活性。总共检测到 11 个 VAG，其中 E 最常见 (83.3 %)，其次是 (79.6 %)、(74.1 %)，E 和 1 (72.2 %)、(70.4 %)、(68.5 %)、EF3314 (57.4 %)、(50 %) 和 A (35.2 %)，未检测到 B。 总之，从埃及鱼和虾中发现的耐利奈唑胺 - 万古霉素肠球菌的出现表明鱼类和海鲜可能参与其中人类抗菌素耐药性出现的一个基本部分。