Soil compaction is generally viewed as one of the most serious soil degradation problems and a determining factor in crop productivity worldwide. It is imperative to understand the processes involved in soil compaction to meet the future global challenges of food security. In this work, we used co‐occurring keyword analysis to summarize 3491 papers on soil compaction over the past 40 years, elaborating on the main research focuses such as the causes, influencing factors, and effects of soil compaction on crops, and the mitigation and prevention of soil compaction. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the effects of soil compaction, including altering soil structure, increasing bulk density (BD) and penetration resistance (PR), and reducing porosity and soil hydraulic properties. Notably, based on the 387 data points of 11 papers about BD, our results demonstrated soil compaction on average, increased BD by 7.6%, 6.9%, and 3.2% in the medium‐, coarse‐, and fine‐textured soils, respectively. Based on the 264 data points of 18 papers, in the 0–30 cm soil layer, compaction increased penetration resistance (by 91% in the coarse‐textured, 84.2% in the medium‐textured, and 8.8% in the fine‐textured soils). Compacted soil limits the access of crop roots to water and nutrients, leading to poor root development and reduced crop productivity. There was a difference in soil compaction sensitivity between the different crops, but crop growth and yield showed an overall worsening trend with increasing degrees of compaction. This review collected data points on 142 crop yields and found that wheat, barley, corn, and soybean yields decreased by an average of 4.1%, 15.1%, 37.7%, and 22.7%, respectively, in the BD range of 1.1–1.8 Mg/cm3 after compaction. Additionally, the effectiveness of different compaction mitigation measures, including natural, tillage, and biological, is systematically discussed. Compared with soil compaction mitigation measures, prevention should be the top priority although there is still a lack of practical prevention methods. Soil conditions and agricultural machinery type are the main factors affecting the risk of soil compaction in the process of soil compaction. Therefore, it is particularly important to optimize the soil working conditions in the field and the type of farm machinery used to reduce the risk of soil compaction. This initiative is pivotal for ensuring sustainable systems for food production and recovering crop productivity from compacted soil.

中文翻译：

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农业机械影响造成的土壤压实：系统评价

土壤板结通常被视为最严重的土壤退化问题之一，也是全球作物生产力的决定因素。为了应对未来全球粮食安全的挑战，必须了解土壤压实的过程。本文采用共现关键词分析方法，对近40年来有关土壤板结的3491篇论文进行了总结，阐述了土壤板结的成因、影响因素、对农作物的影响以及缓解和缓解等主要研究热点。防止土壤板结。本综述全面讨论了土壤压实的影响，包括改变土壤结构、增加容重 (BD) 和渗透阻力 (PR)，以及降低孔隙率和土壤水力特性。值得注意的是，基于 11 篇有关 BD 的论文的 387 个数据点，我们的结果表明，平均土壤压实，使中等、粗质和细质地土壤的 BD 分别增加了 7.6%、6.9% 和 3.2%。基于 18 篇论文的 264 个数据点，在 0-30 cm 土层中，压实增加了穿透阻力（粗质地土壤增加 91%，中质地土壤增加 84.2%，细质地土壤增加 8.8%） ）。压实的土壤限制了作物根部获取水分和养分的机会，导致根系发育不良并降低作物生产力。不同作物间土壤压实敏感性存在差异，但随着压实程度的增加，作物生长和产量总体呈现恶化趋势。本综述收集了 142 种作物产量的数据点，发现在 1.1-1.8 毫克 BD 范围内，小麦、大麦、玉米和大豆产量平均分别下降了 4.1%、15.1%、37.7% 和 22.7%。 /厘米3压实后。此外，系统地讨论了不同压实缓解措施（包括自然压实、耕作和生物压实）的有效性。与土壤板结缓解措施相比，预防应该是重中之重，但目前还缺乏切实可行的预防方法。土壤条件和农业机械类型是土壤压实过程中影响土壤压实风险的主要因素。因此，优化田间土壤工作条件和使用农机类型，降低土壤板结风险显得尤为重要。这一举措对于确保粮食生产的可持续系统和从压实的土壤中恢复作物生产力至关重要。