The global issue of food authentication and fraud detection involves deliberately misrepresenting products for financial gain. Unfortunately, current technologies do not guarantee protection for consumers and society from these deceptive practices. Therefore, rapid detection and characterization of food frauds through identifying their markers and chemical patterns is important. Ambient ionization techniques in mass spectrometry (AIMS) directly analyze samples under ambient conditions, requiring minimal sample preparation while ensuring heightened sensitivity and selectivity. Integrating chemometrics with these innovative MS approaches holds significant potential for application in food authentication screening. The novelty of this work lies in critically evaluating the application of AIMS combined with chemometrics in food authentication screening. This combination is positioned as an innovative strategy with enormous potential for enhancing rapid fraud detection. This sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of AIMS, mainly direct analysis in real time (DART) and paper spraying methods, and their critical evaluation in the context of chemometric applications, covering the evolution from early methods to recent advancements. By critically analyzing the literature, this review enhances the comprehension of the effectiveness of chemometrics in extracting chemical information from MS data. This article thus emphasizes the need to progress beyond initial exploratory analyses employing only unsupervised methods. The key takeaways include advocating for best practices, such as validating all supervised models with an external set of test samples, avoiding excessive use of latent variables to prevent overfitting, and conducting thorough spectral interpretation to identify chemical markers of fraud or authenticity.

中文翻译：

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通过化学计量学和环境电离质谱的整合加强食品认证筛查：全面综述

食品认证和欺诈检测的全球问题涉及故意歪曲产品以获取经济利益。不幸的是，当前的技术并不能保证保护消费者和社会免受这些欺骗行为的侵害。因此，通过识别食品欺诈的标记和化学模式来快速检测和表征食品欺诈非常重要。质谱 (AIMS) 中的环境电离技术直接在环境条件下分析样品，只需最少的样品制备，同时确保更高的灵敏度和选择性。将化学计量学与这些创新的质谱方法相结合，在食品认证筛查中具有巨大的应用潜力。这项工作的新颖性在于批判性地评估 AIMS 与化学计量学相结合在食品认证筛选中的应用。这种组合被定位为一种创新策略，具有增强快速欺诈检测的巨大潜力。这为全面探索 AIMS 奠定了基础，主要是实时直接分析 (DART) 和纸喷涂方法，及其在化学计量学应用背景下的批判性评估，涵盖从早期方法到最新进展的演变。通过批判性地分析文献，本综述增强了对化学计量学从 MS 数据中提取化学信息的有效性的理解。因此，本文强调需要超越仅采用无监督方法的初步探索性分析。关键要点包括倡导最佳实践，例如使用一组外部测试样本验证所有监督模型，避免过度使用潜在变量以防止过度拟合，以及进行彻底的光谱解释以识别欺诈或真实性的化学标记。