Healthy sleep is vital for humans to achieve optimal health and longevity. Poor sleep and sleep disorders are strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the importance of good sleep continues to be underrecognized. Mechanisms regulating sleep and its functions in humans remain mostly unclear even after decades of dedicated research. Advancements in gene sequencing techniques and computational methodologies have paved the way for various genetic analysis approaches, which have provided some insights into human sleep genetics. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the genetic basis underlying human sleep traits and sleep disorders. We also highlight the use of animal models to validate genetic findings from human sleep studies and discuss potential molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the regulation of human sleep.

中文翻译：

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人类睡眠和睡眠障碍的遗传学

健康的睡眠对于人类实现最佳健康和长寿至关重要。睡眠不佳和睡眠障碍与发病率和死亡率增加密切相关。然而，良好睡眠的重要性仍然没有得到充分认识。即使经过数十年的专门研究，调节人类睡眠及其功能的机制仍大多不清楚。基因测序技术和计算方法的进步为各种基因分析方法铺平了道路，这些方法为人类睡眠遗传学提供了一些见解。这篇综述总结了我们目前对人类睡眠特征和睡眠障碍的遗传基础的了解。我们还强调使用动物模型来验证人类睡眠研究的遗传发现，并讨论参与人类睡眠调节的潜在分子机制和信号通路。