With the advancement of functional porous materials, macrocycles that possess well-defined cavities and supramolecular functions have become emerging materials for applications in various fields. However, the aggregation of these macrocycles can lead to the coverage or loss of their active sites, which presents a significant obstacle in their functional applications. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) comprise designable units and ordered structures that ensure the non-close packing of functional segments within the skeleton. Therefore, incorporating macrocycles into COFs through covalent or non-covalent strategies has proven to be a successful approach to enhancing macrocycle activity. Additionally, the inclusion of macrocycles provides additional active sites, enhancing the overall functionality of the skeleton through post-modification. Specifically, macrocycle-based COFs with metal participation (M−MCOFs) combine the advantages of organic/inorganic, polymeric, and supramolecular materials. Consequently, M−MCOFs hold great potential in energy storage, adsorption, separation, sensing, catalysis, etc. This review focuses on the concepts, synthesis, and performance of M−MCOFs, with a specific emphasis on their latest advancements in catalysis. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in this emerging field, emphasizing the importance of environmental sustainability and energy efficiency.

中文翻译：

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用于催化的大环嵌入金属共价有机框架：共价和非共价功能框架之间的桥梁

随着功能多孔材料的进步，具有明确空腔和超分子功能的大环化合物已成为应用于各个领域的新兴材料。然而，这些大环化合物的聚集可能导致其活性位点的覆盖或丢失，这对其功能应用造成了重大障碍。共价有机框架（COF）包含可设计的单元和有序结构，确保骨架内功能片段的非紧密堆积。因此，通过共价或非共价策略将大环化合物整合到COF中已被证明是增强大环化合物活性的成功方法。此外，大环化合物的包含提供了额外的活性位点，通过后修饰增强了骨架的整体功能。具体来说，金属参与的大环基COF（M−MCOF）结合了有机/无机、聚合物和超分子材料的优点。因此，M−MCOFs 在能量存储、吸附、分离、传感、催化等方面具有巨大的潜力。本文重点介绍 M−MCOFs 的概念、合成和性能，特别强调其在催化方面的最新进展。此外，我们讨论了这个新兴领域的挑战和机遇，强调环境可持续性和能源效率的重要性。