The increasing energy demand and technological advancements contribute to environmental and energy crises. Addressing these challenges requires exploring sustainable resources and two-dimensional (2D) materials. γ-Graphyne (γ-GY), a mono-element material, offers controllability, stability, and easy integration into manufacturing, showing promise for diverse scientific and technological applications. The review covers reactivity control, electronic property tailoring, and active functionalities in pristine γ-GY, compositional γ-GY, hybridized γ-GY and coordinated γ-GY along with synthesis, characterization, and potential in material advancements, sustainability, and commercial viability. It discusses other emerging materials like transition metal dichalcogenides, oxides, and carbon family members. Valuable insights on addressing energy scarcity, pollution, catalytic and electronic applications, and human health are provided, motivating further research for novel applications. The paper explores new possibilities for utilizing γ-GY-based materials in environmental concerns, high-performance electronics, and biomedicine. The review offers valuable guidance for future research, emphasizing the importance of 2D materials like γ-GY in building a sustainable and technologically advanced society.

中文翻译：

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基于 γ-石墨炔的配位、复合和杂化材料：合成、表征和高级应用

不断增长的能源需求和技术进步加剧了环境和能源危机。应对这些挑战需要探索可持续资源和二维 (2D) 材料。 γ-石墨炔 (γ-GY) 是一种单元素材料，具有可控性、稳定性，并且易于集成到制造中，显示出多种科学和技术应用的前景。该综述涵盖了原始 γ-GY、复合 γ-GY、杂化 γ-GY 和协调 γ-GY 的反应性控制、电子特性定制和活性功能，以及材料进步、可持续性和商业可行性方面的合成、表征和潜力。它讨论了其他新兴材料，如过渡金属二硫属化物、氧化物和碳族成员。提供了有关解决能源短缺、污染、催化和电子应用以及人类健康的宝贵见解，推动了新应用的进一步研究。该论文探讨了在环境问题、高性能电子和生物医学中利用 γ-GY 基材料的新可能性。该综述为未来的研究提供了宝贵的指导，强调了 γ-GY 等二维材料在建设可持续发展和技术先进的社会中的重要性。