Environmental stressors associated with human activities (eg, air and noise pollution, light disturbance at night) and climate change (eg, heat, wildfires, extreme weather events) are increasingly recognized as contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. These harmful exposures have been shown to elicit changes in stress responses, circadian rhythms, immune cell activation, and oxidative stress, as well as traditional cardiovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes, obesity) that promote cardiovascular diseases. In this overview, we summarize evidence from human and animal studies of the impacts of environmental exposures and climate change on cardiovascular health. In addition, we discuss strategies to reduce the impact of environmental risk factors on current and future cardiovascular disease burden, including urban planning, personal monitoring, and mitigation measures.

中文翻译：

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环境对心血管健康和生物学的影响：概述

人们越来越认识到，与人类活动（例如空气和噪音污染、夜间光干扰）和气候变化（例如高温、野火、极端天气事件）相关的环境压力会导致心血管疾病的发病和死亡。这些有害暴露已被证明会引起应激反应、昼夜节律、免疫细胞激活和氧化应激以及促进心血管疾病的传统心血管危险因素（例如高血压、糖尿病、肥胖）的变化。在本概述中，我们总结了人类和动物研究中关于环境暴露和气候变化对心血管健康影响的证据。此外，我们还讨论了减少环境风险因素对当前和未来心血管疾病负担影响的策略，包括城市规划、个人监测和缓解措施。