The color and color uniformity of the fruits are of paramount importance to fresh consumption and the tomato processing industry. This is mostly because consumers often associate vibrant and uniform colors with freshness and quality. Yellow shoulder disorder (YSD) characterized by discolored yellow or green sectors on fruit skin is one of the major concerns for tomato producers worldwide since YSD symptoms adversely affect market value and consumer appeal. Therefore, YSD has been studied for a long time, but the genetic aspect of the problem has not been a major focus and hence, it has remained mostly unknown. So, the objective of this research was to identify the genetic components of the YSD. An F mapping population was developed and phenotyped for the YSD Visual Score. The F plants showing extreme phenotypes were selected and bulks were created. After whole genome sequencing of these bulks, three Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)s namely on chromosome 1, on chromosome 3 and on chromosome 11 were identified using QTL-seq and traditional linkage mapping. These three QTLs explained approximately 20 % of the phenotypic variation in the F mapping population. Further, candidate genes in each QTL interval were identified based on their expression profile and genetic polymorphisms such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (INDELs) on genic/intergenic regions. These genes involve in fruit ripening, cell wall modification, lipid metabolism and starch degradation. The present study reports the first QTLs associated with YSD resistance and 17 KASP markers that can be used in marker-assisted selection for YSD in tomato.

中文翻译：

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通过 QTL-seq 和连锁图谱阐明番茄 (Solanum lycopersicum) 黄肩病的遗传方面

水果的颜色和颜色均匀度对于新鲜消费和番茄加工业至关重要。这主要是因为消费者经常将鲜艳且均匀的颜色与新鲜度和品质联系在一起。黄肩病 (YSD) 的特征是果皮上变色的黄色或绿色部分，是全世界番茄生产商最关心的问题之一，因为 YSD 症状会对市场价值和消费者吸引力产生不利影响。因此，YSD 已被研究了很长时间，但该问题的遗传方面并未成为主要焦点，因此，它仍然大多未知。因此，本研究的目的是确定 YSD 的遗传成分。开发了 F 作图群体并针对 YSD 视觉评分进行了表型分析。选择显示极端表型的 F 植物并创建批量。对这些批量进行全基因组测序后，使用 QTL-seq 和传统连锁作图鉴定了 1 号染色体、3 号染色体和 11 号染色体上的三个数量性状基因座 (QTL)。这三个 QTL 解释了 F 作图群体中大约 20% 的表型变异。此外，根据表达谱和基因多态性（例如基因/基因间区域的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和插入/缺失（INDEL））鉴定每个QTL区间中的候选基因。这些基因涉及果实成熟、细胞壁修饰、脂质代谢和淀粉降解。本研究报告了第一个与 YSD 抗性相关的 QTL 和 17 个 KASP 标记，可用于番茄 YSD 的标记辅助选择。