was extensively utilized both as dietary supplements and traditional herbal medicines for healthcare functions and has exhibited a positive impact on animal health. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of powder () on production performance, egg quality, egg yolk fatty acid composition, reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, anti-apoptosis ability, and intestinal health in hens. A total of 252 Hainan Wenchang laying hens (30-wk-old) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates, a basic diet with 0 (), 1 g/kg AOP (), and 3 g/kg () mixed AOP. The AOP supplementation was found to decrease the feed conversion ratio and embryo mortality but to increase the laying rate, average egg weight, and oviduct index linearly ( < 0.05). Furthermore, AOP treatment reduced the total saturated fatty acids and palmitic acid (C16:0) in the egg yolk while increasing eggshell strength, albumen height, and Haugh unit ( < 0.05). The serum levels of albumin and phosphorus were increased, whereas total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels decreased as a result of AOP treatment ( < 0.05). The inclusion of 3 g/kg AOP had higher 17 β-estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in serum, while it up-regulated follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and gonadotropin-releasing hormone expression in ovary ( < 0.05). Dietary AOP strengthened the expression of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 in ovary and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, but had a lower malondialdehyde content in serum ( < 0.05). AOP at 3 g/kg up-regulated superoxide dismutase 1 and heme oxygenase 1 expression in jejunum and ovary ( < 0.05). Meanwhile, AOP supplementation down-regulated p53 expression in ovary and bcl-2-associated x expression in liver and jejunum, especially 3 g/kg of AOP had lower caspase-8 concentrations and down-regulated bcl-2-associated x and caspase-3 expression in ovary ( < 0.05). AOP treatment increased serum levels of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M and upregulated interleukin-4 expression in the liver, while decreasing interleukin-1β expression in liver and ovary and nod-like receptor protein 3 expression in jejunum ( < 0.05). Dietary AOP increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth but decreased crypt depth in jejunum, especially when 1 g/kg AOP increased expression levels of occludin, mucin-2, peptide-transporter 1, and sodium glucose cotransporter 1 in jejunum ( < 0.05). AOP treatment altered the composition of the cecal microbial community, as evidenced by increased abundance of and and reduced richness of . Dietary AOP supplementation enriched lipid, amino acid, and propanoate metabolism. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the genera , and were related to laying performance and intestinal integrity. In brief, supplementation of AOP, especially at 3 g/kg, could improve production performance and egg quality of hens via modulating reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal barrier, and cecal microbiota. Overall, the present work recommends the dietary inclusion of AOP as a beneficial additive for improving the performance of hens.

中文翻译：

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益智仁通过调节生殖激素、抗氧化功能、免疫力和肠道健康，提高蛋种鸡的生产性能和鸡蛋品质

被广泛用作膳食补充剂和传统草药以实现保健功能，并对动物健康产生积极影响。本研究旨在探讨粉剂对母鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋黄脂肪酸组成、生殖激素、抗氧化能力、免疫力、抗细胞凋亡能力和肠道健康的影响。海南文昌蛋鸡（30周龄）252只，随机分为3组，每组6个重复，基础日粮添加0（）、1 g/kg AOP（）、3 g/kg（）混合AOP 。研究发现添加 AOP 可以降低饲料转化率和胚胎死亡率，但可以线性提高产蛋率、平均蛋重和输卵管指数 ( < 0.05)。此外，AOP 处理减少了蛋黄中的总饱和脂肪酸和棕榈酸 (C16:0)，同时增加了蛋壳强度、蛋白高度和哈夫单位 (< 0.05)。 AOP 治疗后，血清白蛋白和磷水平升高，而总胆固醇、甘油三酯和葡萄糖水平降低 (<0.05)。添加3 g/kg AOP可提高血清中17β-雌二醇和促卵泡激素水平，同时上调卵巢中促卵泡激素受体和促性腺激素释放激素的表达（<0.05）。膳食AOP可增强卵巢中核因子红细胞2相关因子2的表达，提高超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力，但血清中丙二醛含量较低（<0.05）。 3 g/kg 的 AOP 上调空肠和卵巢中超氧化物歧化酶 1 和血红素加氧酶 1 的表达 (<0.05)。同时，补充AOP可下调卵巢中p53的表达以及肝脏和空肠中bcl-2相关x的表达，尤其是3g/kg的AOP具有较低的caspase-8浓度，并下调bcl-2相关x和caspase-的表达。 3 在卵巢中表达（<0.05）。 AOP 治疗可增加血清中免疫球蛋白 A 和免疫球蛋白 M 的水平，并上调肝脏中白细胞介素 4 的表达，同时降低肝脏和卵巢中白细胞介素 1β 的表达以及空肠中 nod 样受体蛋白 3 的表达 ( < 0.05)。膳食 AOP 增加了绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比率，但降低了空肠中的隐窝深度，特别是当 1 g/kg AOP 增加了空肠中 occludin、mucin-2、肽转运蛋白 1 和钠葡萄糖协同转运蛋白 1 的表达水平时 ( < 0.05 ）。 AOP 处理改变了盲肠微生物群落的组成，如 的丰度增加和丰富度的减少所证明。膳食 AOP 补充丰富了脂质、氨基酸和丙酸代谢。 Spearman 的相关分析表明， 、 和 与产蛋性能和肠道完整性相关。简而言之，补充 AOP，尤其是 3 g/kg，可以通过调节生殖激素、抗氧化能力、免疫力、肠道屏障和盲肠微生物群来提高母鸡的生产性能和鸡蛋质量。总体而言，目前的工作建议在日粮中添加 AOP 作为改善母鸡生产性能的有益添加剂。