Undeniably, cancer immunotherapies have expanded the spectrum of cancer treatment, however, some patients do not respond to immunotherapies. This scenario is no different for lung cancer, whose two main types, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), still pose a serious clinical challenge. Adoptive T-cell therapies (ATC), which primarily include cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy and γδ-T-cell therapy, strengthen the patient’s immune system in combating cancer. Combining ATC with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) further enhances the effectiveness of this approach to eradicate cancer. With a particular emphasis on CIK cell therapy, which recently completed 30 years, we highlight the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in NSCLC and SCLC. Besides, we provide insights into the potential synergies of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with adoptive T-cell immunotherapy in reshaping the treatment paradigm for lung cancer.

中文翻译：

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通过 PD-1/PD-L1 阻断改善肺癌临床谱中过继性 T 细胞免疫疗法的深入见解

不可否认，癌症免疫疗法扩大了癌症治疗的范围，然而，一些患者对免疫疗法没有反应。这种情况对于肺癌来说也不例外，其两种主要类型，非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）和小细胞肺癌（SCLC），仍然构成严峻的临床挑战。过继性T细胞疗法（ATC）主要包括细胞因子诱导杀伤（CIK）细胞疗法、嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR T-细胞）疗法和γδ-T细胞疗法，增强患者的免疫系统对抗疾病癌症。将 ATC 与免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 相结合，进一步增强了这种根除癌症方法的有效性。我们特别强调最近完成 30 周年的 CIK 细胞疗法，强调 PD-1/PD-L1 轴在 NSCLC 和 SCLC 中的作用。此外，我们还深入探讨了 PD-1/PD-L1 抑制剂与过继性 T 细胞免疫疗法在重塑肺癌治疗范式方面的潜在协同作用。