The non-uniformity and transient nature of laser-produced plasma are critical factors that affect the analysis of the extreme ultraviolet spectra of highly charged ions and the diagnosis of plasma states. This paper systematically investigates the characteristics of extreme ultraviolet radiation and the hydrodynamic evolution of laser-produced nickel plasmas from two perspectives: high-spatio-temporal-resolution extreme-ultraviolet spectroscopic measurement and radiation hydrodynamics simulation. The consistency between the four-band experimental spectra and their theoretically simulated spectra confirms the accuracy of the atomic structure parameters and plasma state parameters. We also analyze the significant contribution of the 3d-4f double-excited state radiation to the spectral profile and discuss the influence of the self-absorption caused by plasma opacity on the characteristics of extreme ultraviolet radiation. The findings are crucial for accurately understanding the characteristics of extreme ultraviolet radiation, the hydrodynamic evolution, and the application of medium- and high-Z laser-produced plasma as a pulsed short-wavelength light source.

中文翻译：

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以激光产生的镍等离子体为核心的极紫外辐射分析和流体动力学模拟

激光产生的等离子体的不均匀性和瞬态性是影响高带电离子的极紫外光谱分析和等离子体状态诊断的关键因素。本文从高时空分辨率极紫外光谱测量和辐射流体动力学模拟两个角度系统研究了激光产生的镍等离子体的极紫外辐射特征和流体动力学演化。四波段实验光谱与理论模拟光谱的一致性证实了原子结构参数和等离子体状态参数的准确性。我们还分析了3 d -4 f双激发态辐射对光谱轮廓的显着贡献，并讨论了等离子体不透明引起的自吸收对极紫外辐射特性的影响。这些发现对于准确理解极紫外辐射的特征、流体动力学演化以及中高Z激光产生的等离子体作为脉冲短波长光源的应用至关重要。