The liver, a complex and vital organ in the human body, is susceptible to various diseases, including metabolic disorders, acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent decades, these diseases have significantly contributed to global morbidity and mortality. Currently, liver transplantation remains the most effective treatment for hepatic disorders. Nucleic acid therapeutics offer a selective approach to disease treatment through diverse mechanisms, enabling the regulation of relevant genes and providing a novel therapeutic avenue for hepatic disorders. It is expected that nucleic acid drugs will emerge as the third generation of pharmaceuticals, succeeding small molecule drugs and antibody drugs. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent a crucial technology in the field of drug delivery and constitute a significant advancement in gene therapies. Nucleic acids encapsulated in LNPs are shielded from the degradation of enzymes and effectively delivered to cells, where they are released and regulate specific genes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structure, composition, and applications of LNPs in the treatment of hepatic disorders and offers insights into prospects and challenges in the future development of LNPs.

中文翻译：

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脂质纳米粒作为药物载体用于肝病靶向治疗

肝脏是人体复杂而重要的器官，易患多种疾病，包括代谢紊乱、急性肝炎、肝硬化和肝细胞癌。近几十年来，这些疾病极大地增加了全球发病率和死亡率。目前，肝移植仍然是治疗肝脏疾病最有效的方法。核酸疗法通过多种机制提供选择性的疾病治疗方法，从而能够调节相关基因并为肝病提供新的治疗途径。预计核酸药物将成为继小分子药物和抗体药物之后的第三代药物。脂质纳米颗粒（LNP）代表了药物输送领域的一项关键技术，并构成了基因治疗的重大进步。封装在 LNP 中的核酸可以免受酶的降解，并有效地输送到细胞，在那里它们被释放并调节特定的基因。本文对LNPs的结构、组成以及在肝病治疗中的应用进行了全面的综述，并对LNPs未来发展的前景和挑战提出了见解。