This study aimed to optimize pyrolysis conditions to maximize bio-oil yield from cattle dung, a waste product of livestock practices. Pyrolysis of cattle dung was carried out in batch type reactor. The pyrolysis process was optimized using a central composite design in response surface methodology, with conversion parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, vapor cooling temperature, residence time, and gas flow rate taken into account. The cattle dung bio-oil was analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), an elemental analyzer, a pH probe, and a bomb calorimeter. Furthermore, the ASTM standard procedures were used to determine the bio-fuel characteristics. The optimized conditions were found to be a pyrolysis temperature of 402 °C, a vapor cooling temperature of 2.25 °C, a residence time of 30.72 min, and a gas flow rate of 1.81 l min⁻¹, resulting in a maximum bio-oil yield of 18.9%. According to the findings, the yield of bio-oil was predominantly affected by pyrolysis temperature and vapor cooling temperature. Moreover, the bio-oil that was retrieved was discovered to be similar to conventional liquid fuels in numerous ways.

本研究旨在优化热解条件，以最大限度地提高牛粪（畜牧业废物）中的生物油产量。牛粪的热解在间歇式反应器中进行。使用响应面法中的中心复合设计优化热解过程，并考虑热解温度、蒸气冷却温度、停留时间和气体流速等转化参数。使用气相色谱/质谱 (GC/MS)、元素分析仪、pH 探针和弹式热量计对牛粪生物油进行分析。此外，还使用 ​​ASTM 标准程序来确定生物燃料的特性。优化条件为热解温度402℃、蒸气冷却温度2.25℃、停留时间30.72min、气体流量1.81lmin ⁻¹，生物油产量最大。收率18.9%。研究结果表明，生物油的产率主要受热解温度和蒸气冷却温度的影响。此外，人们发现回收的生物油在许多方面与传统液体燃料相似。