Background Historically, lipids and lipoproteins were measured in the fasting state for cardiovascular risk prediction; however, since 2009 use of nonfasting lipid profiles has increased substantially worldwide. For patients, nonfasting lipid profiles are convenient and avoid any risk of hypoglycemia. For laboratories, blood sampling in the morning and extra visits for patients who have not fasted are avoided. For patients, clinicians, hospitals, and society, nonfasting sampling allows same-day visits with first blood sampling followed by a short wait for test results before clinical consultation. Therefore, nonfasting compared to fasting lipid profiles will save money and time and may improve patient compliance with cardiovascular prevention programs. Content We report on the progression of endorsement and implementation of nonfasting lipid profiles for cardiovascular risk prediction worldwide and summarize the recommendations from major medical societies and health authorities in different countries. We also describe practical advantages and disadvantages for using nonfasting lipid profiles. Further, we include a description of why fasting has been the standard historically, the barriers against implementation of nonfasting lipid profiles, and finally we suggest the optimal content of a nonfasting lipid profile. Summary Lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations vary minimally in response to normal food intake and nonfasting lipid profiles are equal or superior to fasting profiles for cardiovascular risk prediction. Major guidelines and consensus statements in Europe, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Japan, India, and Australia now endorse use of nonfasting lipid profiles in some or all patients; however, there are still gaps in endorsement and implementation of nonfasting lipid profiles worldwide.

中文翻译：

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全球范围内越来越多地使用非空腹血脂检测而非空腹血脂检测

背景 历史上，为了预测心血管风险，人们在禁食状态下测量脂质和脂蛋白。然而，自 2009 年以来，全球范围内非空腹血脂分析的使用大幅增加。对于患者来说，非空腹血脂分析很方便，并且可以避免任何低血糖的风险。对于实验室来说，可以避免早上采血以及对未禁食的患者进行额外就诊。对于患者、临床医生、医院和社会来说，非空腹采样允许当天就诊并进行首次血液采样，然后在临床咨询前短暂等待检测结果。因此，与空腹血脂相比，非空腹可以节省金钱和时间，并可以提高患者对心血管预防计划的依从性。内容 我们报告了全球范围内非空腹血脂监测用于心血管风险预测的认可和实施进展，并总结了不同国家主要医学会和卫生当局的建议。我们还描述了使用非空腹血脂谱的实际优点和缺点。此外，我们还描述了为什么禁食在历史上一直是标准，实施非空腹血脂分析的障碍，最后我们建议非空腹血脂分析的最佳内容。摘要 脂质、脂蛋白和载脂蛋白浓度对正常食物摄入的反应最小，并且非空腹血脂水平等于或优于心血管风险预测的空腹水平。欧洲、美国、加拿大、巴西、日本、印度和澳大利亚的主要指南和共识声明现在支持在部分或所有患者中使用非空腹血脂分析；然而，全球范围内非空腹血脂分析的认可和实施仍存在差距。