Amphiphobic membranes have attracted much attention in membrane distillation (MD) applications, due to its potential in simultaneously resisting membrane wetting and fouling when treating complex wastewater. The current amphiphobic membranes often require non-trivial design of multilevel re-entrant structure. Here we proposed a new class of amphiphobic membranes without multilevel re-entrant surface, by creating a composite poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyvinyl alcohol/SiO membrane with asymmetric structure and well-controlled small surface pores via the NTIPS method, followed by direct fluorination via chemically binding the –OH of polyvinyl alcohol and low surface energy moieties 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl-triethoxysilane, assisted by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and trimesoyl chloride. The amphiphobic membrane showed superior liquid entry pressure above 5 bar with various simulated saline feeds containing surfactants and organic pollutants. The amphiphobic membrane demonstrated robust anti-wetting and anti-fouling performance through a series of 24-h direct contact MD experiments using the above feeds, presenting stable water flux and high rejection, e.g., flux of 50.6 kg/(m·h) and rejection >99.9 % with feed containing 3.5 wt% NaCl, 1 mM FA, and 2 mM SDS. The results demonstrated the fabrication of robust amphiphobic membrane through simple procedure utilizing the synergy between pore structure and surface chemistry, inspiring more efforts to design adequate membranes for treating complex wastewater.

中文翻译：

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利用孔结构和表面氟化的协同作用轻松设计两疏 PVDF 膜：膜蒸馏演示

双疏膜因其在处理复杂废水时同时抵抗膜润湿和污染的潜力而在膜蒸馏（MD）应用中引起了广泛关注。当前的双疏膜通常需要多层凹入结构的重要设计。在这里，我们提出了一种新型的无多级凹入表面的双疏膜，通过NTIPS方法创建具有不对称结构和良好控制的小表面孔的复合聚偏二氟乙烯/聚乙烯醇/SiO膜，然后直接氟化通过化学结合聚乙烯醇的-OH和低表面能部分1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷，并辅以3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和均苯三甲酰氯。对于含有表面活性剂和有机污染物的各种模拟盐水进料，双疏膜表现出超过 5 bar 的优异液体进入压力。通过使用上述进料进行的一系列24小时直接接触MD实验，双疏膜表现出强大的抗润湿和防污性能，表现出稳定的水通量和高截留率，例如通量为50.6 kg/(m·h)和对于含有 3.5 wt% NaCl、1 mM FA 和 2 mM SDS 的进料，截留率 >99.9 %。结果表明，利用孔隙结构和表面化学之间的协同作用，通过简单的程序即可制造出坚固的双疏膜，从而激发人们更多地努力设计适当的膜来处理复杂的废水。