Mammalian innate immunity is regulated by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and guard proteins, which use distinct strategies to detect infections. PRRs detect bacterial molecules directly, whereas guards detect host cell manipulations by microbial virulence factors. Despite sensing infection through different mechanisms, both classes of innate immune sensors can activate the inflammasome, an immune complex that can mediate cell death and inflammation. Inflammasome-mediated immune responses are crucial for host defense against many bacterial pathogens and prevent invasion by non-pathogenic organisms. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which inflammasomes are stimulated by PRRs and guards during bacterial infection, and the strategies used by virulent bacteria to evade inflammasome-mediated immunity.

哺乳动物的先天免疫由模式识别受体（PRR）和保护蛋白调节，它们使用不同的策略来检测感染。 PRR 直接检测细菌分子，而卫兵则检测微生物毒力因子对宿主细胞的操纵。尽管通过不同的机制感知感染，两类先天免疫传感器都可以激活炎症小体，这是一种可以介导细胞死亡和炎症的免疫复合物。炎性体介导的免疫反应对于宿主防御许多细菌病原体和防止非病原生物体的入侵至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了细菌感染过程中 PRR 和卫兵刺激炎症小体的机制，以及毒力细菌逃避炎症小体介导的免疫的策略。