Children can experience significant distress during hospitalisation, as a result of the treatment process and due to psychosocial factors impacting their adjustment to the hospital environment. Such factors can contribute to negative outcomes for the child. Despite this, limited research focus has been placed on understanding the psychosocial factors that contribute to a child's distress to inform support strategies that can improve the experience of hospitalisation across paediatric conditions. The objectives of this review were to synthesise the qualitative and quantitative literature on psychosocial factors associated with hospital adjustment and to identify risk and protective factors that influence the adjustment process. The literature search (1980 to February 2024: CINAHL / Embase / Medline / PsychINFO and Web of Science databases) identified thirty-four studies. Poor hospital adjustment, anxiety, depression and homesickness, were reported by the majority of hospitalised children. Several demographic and psychosocial factors were identified in the quantitative synthesis to contribute to poor adjustment. Child age, temperament, attachment style, past negative hospital experiences, homesickness and fear cognitions, were all associated with adjustment to the hospital environment. Homesickness was identified as a particularly understudied and important construct. Theoretical and methodological considerations are discussed, and recommendations made for future research that can further support inpatient children and their families.

中文翻译：

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住院儿童的适应和思乡：系统评价


由于治疗过程以及影响他们对医院环境适应的社会心理因素，儿童在住院期间可能会经历严重的痛苦。这些因素可能会给孩子带来负面结果。尽管如此，有限的研究重点放在了解导致儿童痛苦的心理社会因素上，以提供支持策略，从而改善儿科疾病的住院体验。本次综述的目的是综合关于与医院调整相关的心理社会因素的定性和定量文献，并确定影响调整过程的风险和保护因素。文献检索（1980 年至 2024 年 2 月：CINAHL / Embase / Medline / PsychINFO 和 Web of Science 数据库）确定了 34 项研究。大多数住院儿童表示，住院适应不良、焦虑、抑郁和想家。在定量综合中发现了一些人口和社会心理因素导致调整不良。儿童年龄、气质、依恋方式、过去的负面医院经历、思乡和恐惧认知都与医院环境的适应有关。思乡被认为是一个未被充分研究的重要概念。讨论了理论和方法上的考虑因素，并对未来的研究提出了建议，以进一步支持住院儿童及其家人。