The removal of radioactive contaminants from the environment can be a matter of urgent concern. This is true for the radioactive iodine isotopes I and I. These volatile radioactive pollutants can enter the environment as the result of untoward release during nuclear waste disposal or as the result of nuclear accidents. They enter waterways through direct leakage or through release into the atmosphere followed by deposit on the earth and leaching into water. The hazardous nature of these two isotopes has prompted efforts to develop methods that permit the effective capture and storage of radioactive iodine from aqueous source phases. This review provides a summary of recent progress in the area of porous organic materials useful for iodine adsorption from water. Four types of porous materials, namely metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), porous organic polymers (POPs), supramolecular macrocycles and macrocycle-containing polymer networks (MPNs), have dominated these efforts. They are thus systematically analyzed and their relative merits and demerits summarized. Various mechanisms of iodine adsorption and the factors influencing iodine capture in water are also discussed. Finally, outstanding challenges and possible future developments within this research field are outlined from the authors’ perspective.

中文翻译：

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水中碘吸附的最新进展

从环境中去除放射性污染物可能是一个紧迫的问题。放射性碘同位素 I 和 I 就是如此。这些挥发性放射性污染物可能因核废物处置过程中的意外释放或核事故而进入环境。它们通过直接泄漏或释放到大气中进入水道，然后沉积在地球上并浸入水中。这两种同位素的危险性质促使人们努力开发能够从水源相中有效捕获和储存放射性碘的方法。本综述总结了可用于从水中吸附碘的多孔有机材料领域的最新进展。四种类型的多孔材料，即金属有机骨架（MOF）、共价有机骨架（COF）、多孔有机聚合物（POP）、超分子大环和含大环聚合物网络（MPN），主导了这些研究。因此，对它们进行了系统分析并总结了它们的相对优点和缺点。还讨论了碘吸附的各种机制以及影响水中碘捕获的因素。最后，从作者的角度概述了该研究领域的突出挑战和未来可能的发展。