Bistable electrochromic (EC) materials and systems offer significant potential for building decarbonization through their optical modulation and energy efficiency. However, challenges such as limited design strategies and bottlenecks in cost, fabrication, and color have hindered the full commercialization of energy-saving EC windows and displays, with few materials achieving true bistability. Herein, a novel strategy for designing bistable electrochromic materials is proposed by leveraging supramolecular interactions. These interactions facilitate reversible color transitions, stabilize the colored structure, and enable spatial confinement to inhibit diffusion, thereby achieving bistable electrochromism. The mechanisms and materials underlying these unconventional electrochromic systems are substantiated through detailed characterization. This strategy enables the preparation of low-cost and sustainable transparent electrochromic displays with high performance. Notably, the display information remains clearly visible for more than 2 hours without consuming energy. Involving biomass materials and removable device structures also enhances the sustainability and scalability of EC technology applications and development. Our results demonstrate the crucial role of supramolecular chemistry in the development of cutting-edge materials for applications such as energy-saving smart windows.

中文翻译：

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通过超分子相互作用的双稳态电致变色离子凝胶用于节能显示器

双稳态电致变色（EC）材料和系统通过其光学调制和能源效率为建筑脱碳提供了巨大的潜力。然而，有限的设计策略以及成本、制造和颜色方面的瓶颈等挑战阻碍了节能EC窗户和显示器的全面商业化，很少有材料能够实现真正的双稳态。在此，提出了一种利用超分子相互作用设计双稳态电致变色材料的新策略。这些相互作用促进可逆的颜色转变，稳定彩色结构，并实现空间限制以抑制扩散，从而实现双稳态电致变色。这些非常规电致变色系统的机制和材料通过详细的表征得到证实。该策略使得能够制备低成本且可持续的高性能透明电致变色显示器。值得注意的是，显示信息在不消耗能源的情况下保持清晰可见超过2小时。涉及生物质材料和可拆卸装置结构也增强了EC技术应用和开发的可持续性和可扩展性。我们的结果证明了超分子化学在开发节能智能窗等应用的尖端材料中的关键作用。