The geographical location of the New Delhi, National Capital Region (NCR) within the Northern Gangetic Plains is influenced by the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and its associated weather. Monsoon weather is observed by the appearance of organised clouds, an outbreak of rainfall, and humid conditions. The current study examines pre-monsoon and monsoon weather conditions, together with intra-monsoonal variations (viz. wet, dry, and withdrawal spells) in wind structure, thermodynamic parameters, precipitation, and the structure of the Monsoon Boundary Layer (MBL). Investigations are also made into the macrophysical aspects of the monsoonal clouds/ weather systems that initiate and maintain ISM characteristics over the region. Moisture availability in the boundary layer carried by the low-level monsoon winds has a substantial role in forming monsoonal cloud mechanisms, such as shifting down the Lifting Condensation Level (LCL) closer to the Level of Free Convection (LFC) as an effect of continuous moisture supply from the lower levels and rising of Level of Neutral Buoyancy (LNB) near the tropopause region during the monsoonal period. Further influenced by the moisture in the boundary layer, the Precipitable Water (PW) is also reliant on the LCL height. Additionally, it is observed that the short-term zonal disturbances induced by extra-tropical and sub-tropical flows impacts intra-monsoonal weakening and variations. Analysis from several of the convective parameters and indices revealed that deep convective systems might occur throughout the monsoon season, while severe thunderstorms could develop during the pre-monsoon, and thunderstorms are less likely to happen during the withdrawal spell. The data presented here are the first to use continuous Radiosondes observations for quantitative assessments of the nature of the ISM over northern India.

中文翻译：

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对国家首都地区新德里 (NCR-德里) 连续无线电探空观测到的印度夏季季风 (ISM) 特征的评估

新德里国家首都区 (NCR) 位于恒河平原北部，其地理位置受到印度夏季季风 (ISM) 及其相关天气的影响。季风天气是通过有组织的云的出现、降雨的爆发和潮湿的条件来观察的。目前的研究研究了季风前和季风天气条件，以及季风内风结构、热力学参数、降水和季风边界层（MBL）结构的变化（即潮湿、干燥和撤退期）。还对引发和维持该地区 ISM 特征的季风云/天气系统的宏观物理方面进行了调查。低层季风携带的边界层中的水分可用性在形成季风云机制方面发挥着重要作用，例如由于连续的作用，使升力凝结层（LCL）下降到接近自由对流层（LFC）。季风期间，来自较低层的水分供应以及对流层顶区域附近的中性浮力水平（LNB）上升。进一步受到边界层水分的影响，可降水量 (PW) 还依赖于 LCL 高度。此外，据观察，温带和副热带气流引起的短期纬向扰动会影响季风内的减弱和变化。对多个对流参数和指数的分析表明，整个季风季节都可能出现深对流系统，而季风前段可能出现强雷暴，而撤退期则不太可能出现雷暴。这里提供的数据是第一个使用连续无线电探空仪观测来定量评估印度北部 ISM 性质的数据。