This study systematically explores a green extraction process of stems to selectively isolate therapeutic compounds, borapetoside C (BPC) and magnoflorine (MGF), recognized for their anti-diabetic properties. In agreement with Hansen solubility parameters prediction, HO and EtOH were found to be suitable solvents for extraction of BPC and MGF, respectively, resulting in 33 % and 45 % extractabilities after 60 min. Further investigations demonstrated considerable increase in BPC extractability using 20 % EtOH:HO mixture at 40 °C, with complete extraction achieved after 60 min. While for MGF, pure-EtOH at 40 °C, was the most suitable solvent, showing the highest selectivity and complete extraction after 100 min. The BPC-rich extract from 20 % EtOH:HO exhibited higher anti-diabatic activity (IC = 0.63 ± 0.03 and 0.72 ± 0.04 mg/mL, respectively, for α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes inhibition activity), and considerably lower cytotoxicity to L6 and HepG2 cells, with IC = 0.26 ± 0.16 and 0.24 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively, compared with the MGF-rich extract obtained with pure-EtOH. Based on these results, a sequential extraction scheme was proposed involving initial pure-EtOH extraction to selectively and completely remove MGF, followed by extraction with a 20 % EtOH:HO mixture to recover the remaining BPC, which was approximately 80 % of the BPC originally present. The obtained MGF-free BPC-rich extract showed significantly lower cytotoxicity (IC = 0.31 ± 0.06 mg/mL against L6 cell) and higher enzyme inhibition activities (IC = 0.53 ± 0.32 and 0.52 ± 0.02 mg/mL for α-glucosidase and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibition activity), comparable to acarbose (IC = 0.43 ± 0.02 and 0.83 ± 0.03 mg/mL for α-glucosidase and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibition activity), the result that potentially leads to the development of a promising industrial process to harness for diabetes prevention and treatment.

中文翻译：

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用于从卷草中选择性回收抗糖尿病成分的绿色溶剂选择和提取方案

这项研究系统地探索了茎的绿色提取工艺，以选择性地分离治疗化合物、硼拉皮苷 C (BPC) 和木兰花碱 (MGF)，这些化合物因其抗糖尿病特性而受到认可。与 Hansen 溶解度参数预测一致，H2O 和 EtOH 分别是萃取 BPC 和 MGF 的合适溶剂，60 分钟后萃取率分别为 33% 和 45%。进一步研究表明，在 40 °C 下使用 20% EtOH:H2O 混合物可显着提高 BPC 的萃取率，60 分钟后即可完全萃取。而对于 MGF，40 °C 的纯乙醇是最合适的溶剂，显示出最高的选择性并在 100 分钟后完全萃取。 20% EtOH:H2O 中富含 BPC 的提取物表现出较高的抗糖尿病活性（对于 α-葡萄糖苷酶和 α-淀粉酶抑制活性，IC50 分别为 0.63 ± 0.03 和 0.72 ± 0.04 mg/mL），并且细胞毒性显着降低与用纯 EtOH 获得的富含 MGF 的提取物相比，对 L6 和 HepG2 细胞的 IC 值分别为 0.26 ± 0.16 和 0.24 ± 0.02 mg/mL。基于这些结果，提出了一种顺序提取方案，包括初始纯 EtOH 提取以选择性地完全去除 MGF，然后用 20% EtOH:H2O 混合物提取以回收剩余的 BPC，大约为原始 BPC 的 80%展示。获得的不含 MGF 且富含 BPC 的提取物显示出显着较低的细胞毒性（针对 L6 细胞的 IC = 0.31 ± 0.06 mg/mL）和较高的酶抑制活性（对于 α-葡萄糖苷酶和 α 酶，IC = 0.53 ± 0.32 和 0.52 ± 0.02 mg/mL） -葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性），与阿卡波糖相当（α-葡萄糖苷酶和 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的 IC = 0.43 ± 0.02 和 0.83 ± 0.03 mg/mL），这一结果可能导致开发一种有前景的工业工艺，以用于糖尿病预防和治疗的安全带。