Growing environmental concerns and the demand for sustainable resource use have raised questions about the conventional use of lithium-ion batteries. In this context, solid-state sodium-based batteries are considered promising energy storage devices due to their excellent performance, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly composition. Despite their unquestionable storage capacity, this new battery type may possess additional functionalities that have not been thoroughly explored in the existing literature. In this study, the application of a novel battery developed by a research group at the University of Porto as a strain-sensing device under vibration loads is demonstrated. This battery is an all-solid-state sodium-ion-based ferroelectric battery, and it is expected to exhibit piezoelectric behaviour. With the goal of potential future applications in self-powered Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems, the experimental setup replicates conditions similar to those encountered in damage monitoring of composite structures. The solid-state battery is attached to an aluminium beam, which is clamped to an electrodynamic shaker. The beam-battery system is then subjected to constant-frequency excitation, and the battery’s electric potential output is analysed in both time and frequency domains. The filtering of the acquired signal from the battery significantly reduced both the interference and harmonic distortion. The experimental results for the base excitation of 25Hz showed a dominance of the unfiltered 60Hz interference of +14 dB in relation to the unfiltered vibrational signal, while in the filtered situation the amplitude of the vibrational signal was +33 dB above the interference. The same tendency is observed under different frequency excitations. The results indicate that the battery generates a potential difference at the same frequency as that imposed by the shaker. However, its low sensitivity and susceptibility to electromagnetic noise from the electric grid limits the maximum frequency it can effectively monitor. Based on the positive results obtained in the present study, the authors believe that such a device opens up new possibilities for various applications of solid-state batteries, combining their energy storage capabilities with smart sensing functionalities.

中文翻译：

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新型全固态钠基电解质电池在振动负载下的应变传感能力

日益增长的环境问题和对可持续资源利用的需求引发了人们对锂离子电池的传统使用的质疑。在这种背景下，固态钠基电池因其优异的性能、成本效益和环保的成分而被认为是有前途的储能装置。尽管其存储容量无可争议，但这种新型电池可能具有现有文献中尚未彻底探索的附加功能。在这项研究中，展示了波尔图大学研究小组开发的新型电池作为振动负载下应变传感装置的应用。该电池是一种全固态钠离子基铁电电池，预计将表现出压电行为。为了实现未来在自供电结构健康监测（SHM）系统中的潜在应用，实验装置复制了与复合结构损伤监测中遇到的类似条件。固态电池固定在铝梁上，铝梁夹在电动振动台上。然后对梁-电池系统进行恒频激励，并在时域和频域上分析电池的电势输出。对从电池获取的信号进行滤波显着减少了干扰和谐波失真。 25Hz 基本激励的实验结果表明，与未过滤的振动信号相比，未过滤的 60Hz 干扰占主导地位 +14 dB，而在过滤情况下，振动信号的幅度比干扰高 +33 dB。在不同频率的激励下观察到相同的趋势。结果表明，电池产生的电势差频率与振动器施加的频率相同。然而，它的低灵敏度和对电网电磁噪声的敏感性限制了它可以有效监测的最大频率。基于本研究中获得的积极结果，作者认为这种设备将其储能能力与智能传感功能相结合，为固态电池的各种应用开辟了新的可能性。