Maritime ports have become pivotal players in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While most of the existing literature has investigated specific decarbonisation measures, a comprehensive review to clarify how different decarbonisation measures could be combined remains absent. A systematic literature review was conducted by analysing 124 articles to identify the research topics concerning the decarbonisation of ports, highlighting the relationship between the different measures, thereby potentially serving as an initial step in developing decarbonisation strategies for ports. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to understand the prevailing trends within the literature selected. The measures were organised into 4 main categories: clean energy sources, operational measures, energy systems, and conservative measures. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the most studied countries, the investigation strategies used, and the decarbonisation measures considered. A cluster analysis was executed to discern the primary research topics organised into 3 main research areas: energy systems, emissions management, and clean energy sources. The review underscored the complexity and the need to combine technological innovations, regulatory frameworks, and stakeholder collaboration. Further, the cluster organisation proposed helps us to understand how ports could start a decarbonising process by combining specific measures. The main aim of this work is to highlight a path towards sustainable maritime ports. Potential opportunities for future research are proposed for each cluster.

中文翻译：

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海港脱碳：系统回顾文献和新研究机会的见解

海港已成为减少温室气体排放的关键参与者。尽管大多数现有文献都研究了具体的脱碳措施，但仍然缺乏阐明如何组合不同脱碳措施的全面审查。通过分析 124 篇文章进行系统文献综述，以确定有关港口脱碳的研究主题，强调不同措施之间的关系，从而有可能作为制定港口脱碳战略的第一步。进行了文献计量分析，以了解所选文献中的流行趋势。这些措施分为四大类：清洁能源、运营措施、能源系统和保守措施。进行了主题分析，以确定研究最多的国家、使用的调查策略以及考虑的脱碳措施。通过聚类分析来识别主要研究主题，分为三个主要研究领域：能源系统、排放管理和清洁能源。审查强调了技术创新、监​​管框架和利益相关者合作的复杂性和必要性。此外，提出的集群组织有助于我们了解港口如何通过结合具体措施来启动脱碳进程。这项工作的主要目的是强调通往可持续海港的道路。为每个集群提出了未来研究的潜在机会。