Exosomal programmed death ligand-1 (ExoPD-L1) is a vital marker of immune activation in the early stages of tumor therapy and it can inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. However, due to the low expression of ExoPD-L1 in cancer cells, it is difficult to perform highly sensitive assays and accurately differentiate cancer sources. Therefore, we constructed a coaxial dual-path electrochemical biosensor for highly accurate identification and detection of ExoPD-L1 from lung cancer based on chemical–biological coaxial nanomaterials and nucleic acid molecular signal amplification strategies. The measurements showed that the detected ExoPD-L1 concentrations ranged from 6 × 10² particles per mL to 6 × 10⁸ particles per mL, and the detection limit was 310 particles per mL. Compared to other sensors, the electrochemical biosensor designed in this study has a lower detection limit and a wider detection range. Furthermore, we also successfully identified lung cancer-derived ExoPD-L1 by analyzing multiple protein biomarkers expressed on exosomes through the “AND” logic strategy. This sensor platform is expected to realize highly sensitive detection and accurate analysis of multiple sources of ExoPD-L1 and provide ideas for the clinical detection of ExoPD-L1.

中文翻译：

---

基于同轴双路电化学生物传感和逻辑策略的肺癌源性外泌体 PD-L1 检测

外泌体程序性死亡配体-1（ExoPD-L1）是肿瘤治疗早期免疫激活的重要标志物，它可以抑制抗肿瘤免疫反应。然而，由于ExoPD-L1在癌细胞中的低表达，很难进行高灵敏度的检测并准确区分癌症来源。因此，我们基于化学-生物同轴纳米材料和核酸分子信号放大策略，构建了一种同轴双路电化学生物传感器，用于高精度识别和检测肺癌中的ExoPD-L1。测量结果显示，检测到的ExoPD-L1浓度范围为6×10 ^{2 个}颗粒/mL至6×10 ^{8 个}颗粒/mL，检测限为310个颗粒/mL。与其他传感器相比，本研究设计的电化学生物传感器具有更低的检测限和更宽的检测范围。此外，我们还通过“AND”逻辑策略分析外泌体上表达的多种蛋白质生物标志物，成功鉴定了肺癌来源的ExoPD-L1。该传感器平台有望实现多来源ExoPD-L1的高灵敏检测和精准分析，为ExoPD-L1的临床检测提供思路。