Understanding large-scale composting under natural conditions is essential for improving waste management and promoting sustainable agriculture. In this study, corn straw (400 tons) and pig manure (200 tons) were composted with microbial inoculants. The thermophilic phase of composting lasted for fourteen weeks, resulting in an alkaline final product. Microbial systems with low-temperature initiation and high-temperature fermentation played a crucial role in enhancing lignocellulose degradation and humic substances (HS) formation. Adding microbes, including , , and , showed a positive correlation with degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. , , and were positively correlated with HS formation. Microorganisms facilitated efficient hydrolysis of lignocelluloses, providing humic precursors to accelerate composting humification through phenolic protein and Maillard pathways. This study provides significant insights into large-scale composting under natural conditions, contributing to the advancement of waste management strategies and the promotion of sustainable agriculture.

中文翻译：

---

自然低温条件下微生物接种剂对秸秆、粪便规模化堆肥的影响

了解自然条件下的大规模堆肥对于改善废物管理和促进可持续农业至关重要。本研究使用微生物菌剂对玉米秸秆（400吨）和猪粪（200吨）进行堆肥。堆肥的高温阶段持续了十四周，产生了碱性的最终产品。具有低温引发和高温发酵的微生物系统在增强木质纤维素降解和腐殖质（HS）形成方面发挥着至关重要的作用。添加微生物，包括 、 、 和 ，与纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率呈正相关。 、 、 和 与 HS 形成呈正相关。微生物促进木质纤维素的有效水解，提供腐殖酸前体，通过酚蛋白和美拉德途径加速堆肥腐殖化。这项研究为自然条件下的大规模堆肥提供了重要见解，有助于推进废物管理战略和促进可持续农业。