Hydrogels, with excellent flexibility, leakage-free, and high safety, are considered as desired electrolytes to build flexible quasi-solid-state supercapacitors. Sodium polyacrylate acid (PANa) hydrogel possesses high water retention capacity and ionic conductivity, but its uncontrollable swelling hinders its practical applications. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to fabricate flexible hybridized electrolyte, where the PANa hydrogel is restricted inside the interlayer spacing of GO membranes. The high-speed spin-treatment regularized GO membrane possesses uniform interlayer channels, where the hydrogel precursor can be infiltrated and in situ polymerized inside the interlayer spacing. Furthermore, the interaction between the PANa polymer chain and GO flakes can prevent structural deformation and uncontrollable swelling of the lamellar membrane. Therefore, the PANa-GO electrolytes exhibit excellent mechanical properties (24.36 MPa), high ionic conductivity (61.03 mS cm^–1), and outstanding antiswelling ability. Moreover, the supercapacitor device assembled by the PANa-GO-15 electrolyte and MnO₂ electrodes exhibits a high specific capacitance of 123.1 F g^–1 at 0.5 A g^–1 and good rate ability. Even under bending or low-temperature conditions, the flexible device can still maintain its energy storage ability. This novel structural regularization and confinement approach may offer a new option for designing robust, antiswelling, and high ionic conductivity flexible electrolytes.

中文翻译：

---

GO 调节水凝胶电解质具有卓越的导电和抗膨胀能力，适用于柔性超级电容器

水凝胶具有优异的柔韧性、无泄漏和高安全性，被认为是构建柔性准固态超级电容器的理想电解质。聚丙烯酸钠（PANa）水凝胶具有较高的保水能力和离子电导率，但其不可控的膨胀阻碍了其实际应用。在此，提出了一种制造柔性混合电解质的新策略，其中PANa水凝胶被限制在GO膜的层间距内。高速旋转处理的规整GO膜具有均匀的层间通道，水凝胶前驱体可以在层间间隙内渗透并原位聚合。此外，PANa聚合物链和GO薄片之间的相互作用可以防止层状膜的结构变形和不可控制的膨胀。因此，PANa-GO电解质表现出优异的机械性能（24.36 MPa）、高离子电导率（61.03 mS cm ^–1）和出色的抗膨胀能力。此外，由PANa-GO-15电解质和MnO ₂电极组装的超级电容器装置在0.5 A g ^{–1下表现出123.1 F g –1}的高比电容和良好的倍率性能。即使在弯曲或低温条件下，柔性器件仍能保持其储能能力。这种新颖的结构规整和限制方法可能为设计坚固、抗膨胀和高离子电导率的柔性电解质提供新的选择。