Rapid and intense urbanization has brought a wide range of serious issues like flooding and water pollution, which have become a great concern in a lot of cities. In response to these problems, Sponge City (SPC) has emerged as a potential solution. This study utilized the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) to simulate urban runoff and determine an optimal combination of Low Impact Development (LID) strategies for reconstructing the study area. Upon analyzing the existing rainwater drainage system and revealed that it could only meet the design return period of 2-, and identified the vulnerable flood-prone area and the maximum overflow node. After comprehensive consideration of various factors, the sponge reconstruction scenario selected four LID facilities combination: Porous pavement, Rain garden, Sunken green belt, and Green roof. Results indicated that when P = 1-, 5-, 10- and 20-, the total runoff in the LID scenario decreased by 43.91 %, 43.93 %, 45.95 % and 47.11 %, respectively. LID facilities substantially mitigate stormwater runoff and peak flows during moderate to light rainfall events. These LID facilities prove effective in reducing pollutant concentrations (reduction rate is all over 42 %), with notable reductions in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Suspended Solids (SS). This paper offers valuable insights that can serve as a reference for the construction or renovation of SPC, shedding light on effective strategies and considerations for managing stormwater and mitigating the impact of urbanization.

中文翻译：

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优化校园规模LID设施部署并评估海绵城市综合治理效益

快速而激烈的城市化带来了洪水、水污染等一系列严重问题，已成为许多城市的严重问题。针对这些问题，海绵城市（SPC）应运而生，成为一种潜在的解决方案。本研究利用雨水管理模型（SWMM）来模拟城市径流，并确定重建研究区域的低影响开发（LID）策略的最佳组合。通过对现有雨水排放系统进行分析，发现其只能满足设计重现期2℃，并确定了易受洪水影响的区域和最大溢流节点。综合考虑各种因素后，海绵改造场景选择了四种LID设施组合：多孔路面、雨水花园、下沉式绿化带、绿色屋顶。结果表明，当P=1-、5-、10-和20-时，LID情景下的总径流分别减少了43.91%、43.93%、45.95%和47.11%。 LID 设施可显着缓解中度至小雨期间的雨水径流和洪峰流量。事实证明，这些 LID 设施可有效降低污染物浓度（降低率均超过 42%），化学需氧量 (COD) 和悬浮固体 (SS) 显着降低。本文提供了宝贵的见解，可以为 SPC 的建设或改造提供参考，为管理雨水和减轻城市化影响提供有效的策略和考虑。