Antimicrobial nano-based edible packaging, which has become more popular and sustainable as compared to synthetic packaging systems, needs to be adopted by most of the food industries to reduce food spoilage. On the other hand, food security is one of the most unprecedented and challenging issues that has been witnessed by all countries with their growing population. Hence, the interplay between the role of nano-based edible packaging and reduction in food spoilage poses the concern of an environment-economic paradox. The application of nanotechnology in food packaging plays a significant role in delivering qualitative food products to consumers with prolonged shelf life. Nanotechnology brings new horizons to the food industry, expecting consumers’ demand for marginally refined, nutritious food products at a reasonable price. Major advantages of nanoparticle application in food packaging include physico-chemical properties, enhanced mechanical strength, and antimicrobial characteristics. This paper deals with the recent advancements in edible coating films using nanotechnology and their role in food packaging. Mainly, this review discusses the benefits and components of edible coating films. Additionally, we highlighted the antimicrobial activities and applications of various metal-based nanoparticles in the food industry. Furthermore, we focus on the synthesis of nanoparticles, their biopolymer matrices, applied food products, antimicrobial mechanisms, and target microorganisms. And we briefly summarise several types of advanced packaging strategies. Based on the extensive review of literature, we provide adequate knowledge on the advantages of edible coating films, along with the incorporation of nanoparticles and their synthesis. Moreover, this review revealed that the nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties exhibit biocidal activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nevertheless, we find the toxicity, risk associated with nanoparticles, and consumer adaptability are not clearly explored in the existing literature; therefore, potential industrial policies should be formulated to re-evaluate.

中文翻译：

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抗菌纳米可食包装综述：食品工业的可持续应用和新兴趋势

与合成包装系统相比，基于抗菌纳米的可食用包装已变得更加流行和可持续，大多数食品行业需要采用它来减少食品腐败。另一方面，粮食安全是所有人口不断增长的国家所面临的前所未有、最具挑战性的问题之一。因此，纳米可食用包装的作用与减少食品腐败之间的相互作用引起了环境经济悖论的担忧。纳米技术在食品包装中的应用对于向消费者提供优质食品并延长保质期发挥着重要作用。纳米技术为食品工业带来了新视野，期待消费者以合理的价格获得精炼、营养的食品的需求。纳米颗粒在食品包装中应用的主要优点包括物理化学特性、增强的机械强度和抗菌特性。本文介绍了利用纳米技术的可食用涂膜的最新进展及其在食品包装中的作用。本综述主要讨论可食用涂膜的优点和成分。此外，我们还重点介绍了各种金属纳米粒子在食品工业中的抗菌活性和应用。此外，我们还专注于纳米颗粒的合成、其生物聚合物基质、应用食品、抗菌机制和目标微生物。我们简要总结了几种类型的先进封装策略。基于对文献的广泛回顾，我们提供了关于可食用涂膜的优点以及纳米颗粒的掺入及其合成的充分知识。此外，该综述表明，具有抗菌特性的纳米颗粒对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均表现出杀菌活性。然而，我们发现现有文献中并未明确探讨纳米颗粒的毒性、风险以及消费者的适应性；因此，应重新评估潜在的产业政策的制定。