In this study, dielectric constants (D_k) and dissipation factors (D_f) of 15 types of polyimides (PIs), including wholly aromatic, semialicyclic, partially fluorinated, and perfluorinated PIs, were measured in the transverse electric (TE₀₁₁) mode at a frequency of 10 GHz and analyzed based on their chemical structures and the dominant factors of dielectric polarization per unit volume (P_t). The relationships among the dipolar orientational (P_d) and electronic (P_e) polarizations and dielectric properties (D_k and D_f) were quantitatively investigated. Although a systematic correlation between the structure and D_f of PIs has not yet been established, we found that the D_f of PIs is anisotropic and linearly proportional to P_d in the in-plane direction, which can be estimated from the D_k and in-plane refractive index (n_TE) at 1310 nm. This could be related to the bidirectional relationship between the real (D_k) and imaginary (D_f) parts of the relative permittivity. Furthermore, the D_k and D_f of all PIs increased linearly with respect to the relative humidity (RH) of the measurement environment, and their slopes (h_Dk and h_Df), i.e., the RH sensitivities of D_k and D_f, showed a proportional relationship with a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.986). The weight fraction of polar imide and ester groups (Polar %) and the hydrophobicity of PIs, which are closely related to the fluorine content (F %), are essential factors in determining the values of D_k, D_f, h_Dk, and h_Df. These relationships are crucial for developing low-dielectric PI materials exhibiting low D_k and D_f values, as well as reduced sensitivity to humidity.

中文翻译：

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10 GHz 下测量的芳香族和半脂环族聚酰亚胺介电性能的偏振分析和湿度依赖性

_{本研究在横向电 (TE 011} ) 模式下测量了 15 种聚酰亚胺 (PI)（包括全芳香族、半脂环族、部分氟化和全氟化 PI）的介电常数 ( D _k ) 和损耗因数 ( D _f )在 10 GHz 频率下，根据其化学结构和单位体积介电极化 ( P _t ) 的主导因素进行分析。定量研究了偶极取向（P _d）和电子（P _e）极化与介电性能（D _k和D _f ）之间的关系。尽管尚未建立PI的结构和D _{f之间的系统相关性，但我们发现PI的}D _f是各向异性的，并且与面内方向上的P _d成线性比例，这可以从D _k和1310 nm 处的面内折射率 ( n _TE )。这可能与相对介电常数的实部( D _k ) 和虚部 ( D _f )之间的双向关系有关。此外，所有PI的D _k和D _f相对于测量环境的相对湿度（RH）呈线性增加，其斜率（h _Dk和h _{Df ），即}D _k和D _f的RH灵敏度，呈比例关系，相关系数较高（R ² = 0.986）。极性酰亚胺和酯基的重量分数（Polar%）以及PI的疏水性与氟含量（F % ）_密切相关，是决定Dk、_{Df 、}hDk和h _Df。这些关系对于开发具有低D _k和D _f值以及降低对湿度敏感性的低介电 PI 材料至关重要。