Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous danger molecules produced in cellular damage or stress, and they can activate the innate immune system. DAMPs contain multiple types of molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, ions, glycans, and metabolites. Although these endogenous molecules do not trigger immune response under steady-state condition, they may undergo changes in distribution, physical or chemical property, or concentration upon cellular damage or stress, and then they become DAMPs that can be sensed by innate immune receptors to induce inflammatory response. Thus, DAMPs play an important role in inflammation and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the conversion of homeostatic molecules into DAMPs; the diverse nature and classification, cellular origin, and sensing of DAMPs; and their role in inflammation and related diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical strategies to treat DAMP-associated diseases via targeting DAMP-sensing receptors.

中文翻译：

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炎症和疾病中的 DAMP 和 DAMP 感应受体

损伤相关分子模式（DAMP）是细胞损伤或应激时产生的内源性危险分子，它们可以激活先天免疫系统。 DAMP 包含多种类型的分子，包括核酸、蛋白质、离子、聚糖和代谢物。虽然这些内源性分子在稳态条件下不会引发免疫反应，但在细胞损伤或应激时，它们的分布、物理或化学性质或浓度可能会发生变化，然后成为可被先天免疫受体感知的 DAMP，从而诱导免疫反应。炎症反应。因此，DAMPs在炎症和炎症性疾病中发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了稳态分子转化为 DAMP 的过程； DAMP 的不同性质和分类、细胞起源和传感；及其在炎症和相关疾病中的作用。此外，我们还讨论了通过靶向 DAMP 传感受体来治疗 DAMP 相关疾病的临床策略。