Sulfated polysaccharides play important roles in tissue engineering applications because of their high growth factor preservation ability and their native-like biological features. There are different sulfated polysaccharides based on different repeating units in the carbohydrate backbone, the position of the sulfate group, and the sulfation degree of the polysaccharide. These led to various sulfated polymers with different negative charge densities and resultant structure-property relationships. Since numerous reports are presented related to sulfated polysaccharide applications in tissue engineering, it is crucial to review the role of effective physicochemical and biological parameters in their usage; as well as their structure-property relationships. Within this review, we focused on the effect of naturally occurring and synthetic sulfated polysaccharides in tissue engineering applications reported in the last years, highlighting the challenges of the scaffold fabrication process, the position, and the degree of sulfate on biomedical activity. Additionally, we discussed their use in numerous in vitro and in vivo model systems.

中文翻译：

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硫酸多糖作为仿生生物聚合物用于组织工程支架制造：挑战和机遇

硫酸化多糖由于其高生长因子保存能力和类似天然的生物学特性，在组织工程应用中发挥着重要作用。根据碳水化合物主链中重复单元的不同、硫酸基的位置以及多糖的硫酸化程度的不同，有不同的硫酸化多糖。这些导致了具有不同负电荷密度和由此产生的结构-性能关系的各种硫酸化聚合物。由于有大量与硫酸多糖在组织工程中的应用相关的报告，因此回顾有效的理化和生物学参数在其使用中的作用至关重要；以及它们的结构-性能关系。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注了过去几年报道的天然存在和合成的硫酸化多糖在组织工程应用中的影响，强调了支架制造工艺、位置和硫酸化程度对生物医学活性的挑战。此外，我们还讨论了它们在许多体外和体内模型系统中的用途。