Studies examining preconception eating behaviours with longitudinal dietary patterns from preconception to late pregnancy as well as gestational weight gain (GWG) are limited. We derived dietary pattern trajectories from preconception to late-pregnancy, and related preconception eating behaviours to these trajectories and GWG. Preconception eating behaviours were assessed using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire measuring cognitive restraint (CR) – conscious restriction of food intake, emotional eating (EE) – overeating in response to negative emotions, and uncontrolled eating (UE) – overeating with a feeling of lack of control. Dietary intakes were measured at preconception, 20–21 and 34–36 weeks' gestation with food frequency questionnaires. Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis, and trajectories derived using group-based trajectory modelling. Inadequate and excessive GWG were defined according to Institute of Medicine guidelines based on weights at preconception and the last antenatal visit (median: 38 weeks' gestation). Two dietary patterns were derived: ‘Fast Food, Fried Snacks and Desserts (FFD)’ and ‘Soup, Fish and Vegetables (SFV)’. Adherence trajectories from preconception to late-pregnancy were characterised as consistently high (“stable-high”) and low (“stable-low”). Women with higher UE scores had higher odds of being in the “stable-high” trajectory (n = 34) of the FFD pattern [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.25, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.03, 1.51], compared to “stable-low” (n = 260). Percentages of women with inadequate, adequate or excessive GWG were 21.7% (n = 70), 25.8% (n = 83), and 52.5% (n = 169), respectively; women with higher EE scores had a higher likelihood of excessive GWG [Relative Risk Ratio (RRR): 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.80], but this association was attenuated after adjusting for preconception body mass index. Eating behaviour interventions to improve dietary patterns among pregnant women may need to start as early as preconception, incorporating strategies to manage UE.

中文翻译：

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孕前饮食行为与饮食模式轨迹以及从孕前到妊娠晚期的妊娠体重增加的关​​系

通过从孕前到妊娠晚期的纵向饮食模式以及妊娠期体重增加（GWG）来检查孕前饮食行为的研究非常有限。我们得出了从孕前到妊娠晚期的饮食模式轨迹，并将孕前饮食行为与这些轨迹和 GWG 相关联。使用三因素饮食问卷评估孕前饮食行为，测量认知克制（CR） - 有意识地限制食物摄入量，情绪性饮食（EE） - 因负面情绪而暴饮暴食，以及不受控制的饮食（UE） - 因感觉而暴饮暴食缺乏控制。通过食物频率问卷测量孕前、妊娠 20-21 周和 34-36 周的膳食摄入量。使用因子分析确定饮食模式，并使用基于群体的轨迹建模得出轨迹。 GWG 不足和过多是根据医学研究所指南，根据受孕前和最后一次产前检查时的体重（中位值：妊娠 38 周）来定义的。得出了两种饮食模式：“快餐、油炸小吃和甜点（FFD）”和“汤、鱼和蔬菜（SFV）”。从受孕前到妊娠晚期的依从性轨迹被描述为持续高（“稳定高”）和低（“稳定低”）。相比之下，UE 分数较高的女性处于 FFD 模式“稳定-高”轨迹 (n = 34) 的几率较高 [优势比 (OR)：1.25，95% 置信区间 (CI)：1.03，1.51]至“稳定低”（n = 260）。 GWG 不足、充足或过多的女性比例分别为 21.7% (n = 70)、25.8% (n = 83) 和 52.5% (n = 169)； EE 得分较高的女性 GWG 过多的可能性较高 [相对风险比 (RRR)：1.35，95% CI：1.02，1.80]，但在调整孕前体重指数后，这种关联性减弱。改善孕妇饮食模式的饮食行为干预可能需要尽早在怀孕前开始，并结合管理 UE 的策略。