In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in surface modifications utilizing “grafting-from” techniques within both industrial and academic fields. Among others, this technology continues to drive innovation in biomedicine, enabling the design and fabrication of advanced materials and devices with tailored properties for a wide range of applications, from regenerative medicine and drug delivery to diagnostics and therapeutics. This strategy relies on the covalent attachment of (photo)initiating species to surfaces. The coupled initiators are exploited to produce reactive sites such as radicals upon exposure to heat or light. Subsequently, polymerization reactions are induced, leading to surface coupled polymer brushes.

中文翻译：

---

表面带有锗基光引发剂的纳米颗粒：制备及其在光聚合反应接枝中的应用

近几十年来，工业和学术领域对利用“嫁接”技术进行表面改性越来越感兴趣。除此之外，该技术继续推动生物医学领域的创新，使先进材料和设备的设计和制造成为可能，这些材料和设备具有定制特性，适用于从再生医学和药物输送到诊断和治疗的广泛应用。该策略依赖于（光）引发物质与表面的共价附着。偶联的引发剂被用来在暴露于热或光时产生反应位点，例如自由基。随后，引发聚合反应，形成表面耦合的聚合物刷。