Butylone (BTL) is a chiral synthetic cathinone available as a racemate and reported as contaminant in wastewater effluents. However, there are no studies on its impact on ecosystems and possible enantioselectivity in ecotoxicity. This work aimed to evaluate: () the possible ecotoxicity of BTL as racemate or its isolated ()- and ()- enantiomers using ; and () the efficiency of advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) in the removal of BTL and reduction of toxic effects caused by wastewaters. Enantiomers of BTL were obtained by liquid chromatography (LC) using a chiral semi-preparative column. Enantiomeric purity of each enantiomer was > 97 %. For toxicity assessment, a 9-day sub-chronic assay was performed with the racemate (at 0.10, 1.0 or 10 μg L) or each enantiomer (at 0.10 or 1.0 μg L). Changes in morphophysiological, behavioural, biochemical and reproductive endpoints were observed, which were dependent on the form of the substance and life stage of the organism (juvenile or adult). Removal rates of BTL in spiked wastewater (10 μg L) treated with different AOTs (ultraviolet, UV; ozonation, O; and UV/O) were similar and lower than 29 %. The 48 h acute toxicity assays demonstrated a reduction in the toxicity of the treated spiked effluents, but no differences were found amongst AOTs treatments. These results warn for the contamination and negative impact of BTL on ecosystems and highlight the need for efficient removal processes.

中文翻译：

---

丁酮及其对映体对大型溞的毒性及其使用高级氧化技术的降解/毒性潜力

丁酮 (BTL) 是一种手性合成卡西酮，可作为外消旋体使用，据报道是废水中的污染物。然而，目前还没有关于其对生态系统的影响以及生态毒性中可能的对映选择性的研究。这项工作旨在评估：() 作为外消旋体的 BTL 或其分离的 ()- 和 ()- 对映体可能具有的生态毒性； () 高级氧化技术 (AOT) 在去除 BTL 和减少废水引起的毒性作用方面的效率。使用手性半制备柱通过液相色谱 (LC) 获得 BTL 对映体。每种对映体的对映体纯度> 97%。为了进行毒性评估，使用外消旋体（0.10、1.0 或 10 μg/L）或每种对映体（0.10 或 1.0 μg/L）进行 9 天的亚慢性测定。观察到形态生理、行为、生化和生殖终点的变化，这些变化取决于物质的形式和生物体的生命阶段（幼体或成体）。经过不同 AOT（紫外线、UV、臭氧化、O 和 UV/O）处理的加标废水（10 μg/L）中 BTL 的去除率相似，均低于 29%。 48 小时急性毒性测定表明，经过处理的加标废水的毒性有所降低，但 AOT 处理之间没有发现差异。这些结果警告了 BTL 对生态系统的污染和负面影响，并强调了有效去除过程的必要性。