The lymphatic system has garnered significant attention in drug delivery research due to the advantages it offers, such as enhancing systemic exposure and enabling lymph node targeting for nanomedicines via the lymphatic delivery route. The journey of drug carriers involves transport from the administration site to the lymphatic vessels, traversing the lymph before entering the bloodstream or targeting specific lymph nodes. However, the anatomical and physiological barriers of the lymphatic system play a pivotal role in influencing the behavior and efficiency of carriers. To expedite research and subsequent clinical translation, this review begins by introducing the composition and classification of the lymphatic system. Subsequently, we explore the routes and mechanisms through which nanoparticles enter lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes. The review further delves into the interactions between nanomedicine and body fluids at the administration site or within lymphatic vessels. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in lymphatic delivery systems, addressing the challenges and opportunities inherent in current systems for delivering macromolecules and vaccines.

中文翻译：

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纳米粒子与淋巴系统之间的相互作用：药物输送的机制和应用

淋巴系统因其所提供的优势而在药物输送研究中引起了极大的关注，例如增强全身暴露以及通过淋巴输送途径实现纳米药物的淋巴结靶向。药物载体的旅程包括从给药部位运输到淋巴管，在进入血流之前穿过淋巴液或靶向特定的淋巴结。然而，淋巴系统的解剖学和生理学屏障在影响携带者的行为和效率方面发挥着关键作用。为了加快研究和随后的临床转化，本综述首先介绍淋巴系统的组成和分类。随后，我们探讨了纳米颗粒进入淋巴管和淋巴结的途径和机制。该综述进一步深入研究了纳米药物与给药部位或淋巴管内的体液之间的相互作用。最后，我们全面概述了淋巴输送系统的最新进展，解决了当前大分子和疫苗输送系统固有的挑战和机遇。