This retrospective cohort study examined the incidence of post-COVID psychiatric disorders in older adults according to hospitalization status and SARS-CoV-2 variant period in Japan. Claims data, COVID-19 case-related information, and vaccination records were obtained from three Japanese municipalities. We identified individuals aged ≥65 years who had COVID-19 or other respiratory tract infection (RTI) between March 2021 and December 2022. Participants were categorized into non-hospitalized and hospitalized patients, and the study period was divided into the Alpha (March to May 2021), Delta (June to December 2021), Omicron BA.1/BA.2 (January to June 2022), and Omicron BA.5 (July to December 2022) periods. Modified Poisson regression analyses were performed to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for the occurrence of psychiatric disorders (organic mental disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and insomnia) three months after COVID-19 (reference: other RTI). For overall psychiatric disorders, we analyzed 19,489 non-hospitalized patients (COVID-19: 6,728, Other RTI: 12,761) and 2925 hospitalized patients (COVID-19: 1,036, Other RTI: 1889). When compared with other RTI cases, COVID-19 cases had significantly lower IRRs for overall psychiatric disorders in both non-hospitalized (IRR: 0.59, < 0.001) and hospitalized cases (IRR: 0. 83, = 0.045) during the Omicron BA.1/BA.2 period, but only in non-hospitalized cases (IRR: 0.45, < 0.001) during the Omicron BA.5 period. The incidences of the individual post-COVID psychiatric disorders varied according to disorder type, hospitalization status, and SARS-CoV-2 variant period. These findings provide a foundation for further research to explore these variations and improve the provision of psychiatric care in future epidemics.

中文翻译：

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根据 SARS-CoV-2 变异占主导地位的时期，新冠肺炎后精神疾病的发病率：LIFE 研究

这项回顾性队列研究根据日本的住院状况和 SARS-CoV-2 变异时期检查了老年人新冠肺炎后精神疾病的发生率。索赔数据、COVID-19 病例相关信息和疫苗接种记录是从日本三个城市获得的。我们确定了 2021 年 3 月至 2022 年 12 月期间患有 COVID-19 或其他呼吸道感染 (RTI) 的年龄≥65 岁的个体。参与者被分为非住院患者和住院患者，研究期分为 Alpha 阶段（3 月至 2022 年 12 月）。 2021 年 5 月）、Delta（2021 年 6 月至 12 月）、Omicron BA.1/BA.2（2022 年 1 月至 6 月）和 Omicron BA.5（2022 年 7 月至 12 月）期间。进行改良泊松回归分析，以估计 COVID-19 后三个月精神疾病（器质性精神障碍、精神障碍、情绪障碍、焦虑症和失眠）发生率（IRR）（参考：其他 RTI） 。对于总体精神疾病，我们分析了 19,489 名非住院患者（COVID-19：6,728，其他 RTI：12,761）和 2925 名住院患者（COVID-19：1,036，其他 RTI：1889）。与其他 RTI 病例相比，Omicron BA 期间，非住院病例（IRR：0.59，< 0.001）和住院病例（IRR：0. 83，= 0.045）中，COVID-19 病例的整体精神疾病 IRR 显着降低。 1/BA.2 期间，但仅适用于 Omicron BA.5 期间的非住院病例（IRR：0.45，< 0.001）。个体新冠肺炎后精神疾病的发病率根据疾病类型、住院状况和 SARS-CoV-2 变异时期而有所不同。这些发现为进一步研究探索这些变化并改善未来流行病中精神科护理的提供奠定了基础。