Cellular responses to internal and external stimuli are orchestrated by intricate intracellular signaling pathways. To ensure an efficient and specific information flow, cells employ scaffold proteins as critical signaling organizers. With the ability to bind multiple signaling molecules, scaffold proteins can sequester signaling components within specific subcellular domains or modulate the efficiency of signal transduction. Scaffolds can also tune the output of signaling pathways by serving as regulatory targets. This review focuses on scaffold proteins associated with the plant GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE3-like kinase, BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) that serve as a key negative regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Here we summarize the current understanding of how scaffold proteins actively shape BR signaling outputs and crosstalk in plant cells via interactions with BIN2.

中文翻译：

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通过支架蛋白塑造油菜素类固醇信号

细胞对内部和外部刺激的反应是由复杂的细胞内信号通路协调的。为了确保有效和特定的信息流，细胞使用支架蛋白作为关键的信号传导组织者。支架蛋白具有结合多种信号分子的能力，可以将信号成分隔离在特定的亚细胞结构域内或调节信号转导的效率。支架还可以通过充当调节目标来调节信号通路的输出。本综述重点关注与植物糖原合成酶激酶 3 样激酶、油菜素类固醇不敏感 2 (BIN2) 相关的支架蛋白，该蛋白是油菜素类固醇 (BR) 信号传导的关键负调节因子。在这里，我们总结了目前对支架蛋白如何通过与 BIN2 相互作用主动塑造植物细胞中 BR 信号输出和串扰的理解。