Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally, and these conditions are increasingly recognized to be fundamentally interconnected. In this Review, we present the current epidemiological data for each of the modifiable risk factors shared by the two diseases, including hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, diet, physical activity and the social determinants of health. We then review the epidemiological data demonstrating the increased risk of CVD in patients with cancer, as well as the increased risk of cancer in patients with CVD. We also discuss the shared mechanisms implicated in the development of these conditions, highlighting their inherent bidirectional relationship. We conclude with a perspective on future research directions for the field of cardio-oncology to advance the care of patients with CVD and cancer.

心血管疾病（CVD）和癌症是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因，人们越来越认识到这些疾病在根本上是相互关联的。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了这两种疾病共有的每一种可改变危险因素的当前流行病学数据，包括高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病、肥胖、吸烟、饮食、体力活动和健康的社会决定因素。然后，我们回顾了流行病学数据，证明癌症患者患 CVD 的风险增加，以及 CVD 患者患癌症的风险增加。我们还讨论了这些条件的发展所涉及的共同机制，强调了它们固有的双向关系。最后，我们对心脏肿瘤学领域的未来研究方向进行了展望，以促进心血管疾病和癌症患者的护理。