In an era defined by an insatiable thirst for sustainable energy solutions, responsible water management, and cutting-edge lab-on-a-chip diagnostics, surface wettability plays a pivotal role in these fields. The seamless integration of fundamental research and the following demonstration of applications on these groundbreaking technologies hinges on manipulating fluid through surface wettability, significantly optimizing performance, enhancing efficiency, and advancing overall sustainability. This Review explores the behavior of liquids when they engage with engineered surfaces, delving into the far-reaching implications of these interactions in various applications. Specifically, we explore surface wetting, dissecting it into three distinctive facets. First, we delve into the fundamental principles that underpin surface wetting. Next, we navigate the intricate liquid–surface interactions, unraveling the complex interplay of various fluid dynamics, as well as heat- and mass-transport mechanisms. Finally, we report on the practical realm, where we scrutinize the myriad applications of these principles in everyday processes and real-world scenarios.

中文翻译：

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表面润湿的基础和应用

在一个对可持续能源解决方案、负责任的水管理和尖端芯片实验室诊断的无限渴求的时代，表面润湿性在这些领域发挥着关键作用。基础研究和随后对这些突破性技术的应用演​​示的无缝集成取决于通过表面润湿性操纵流体、显着优化性能、提高效率并促进整体可持续性。本综述探讨了液体与工程表面接触时的行为，深入探讨了这些相互作用在各种应用中的深远影响。具体来说，我们探索表面润湿，将其剖析成三个独特的方面。首先，我们深入研究支持表面润湿的基本原理。接下来，我们探索复杂的液体-表面相互作用，揭示各种流体动力学以及热量和质量传输机制的复杂相互作用。最后，我们报告实际领域，我们仔细研究这些原则在日常流程和现实场景中的无数应用。